{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967901901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","title":"Semi-supervised learning for packed executable detection","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning for packed executable detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967901901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","mag":"1967901901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 5th International Conference on Network and System Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081565751","display_name":"Xabier Ugarte-Pedrero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xabier Ugarte-Pedrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058251176","display_name":"Igor Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9511-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003633944","display_name":"Pablo G. Bringas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-9534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136040515","display_name":"Universidad de Deusto","ror":"https://ror.org/00ne6sr39","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo G. Bringas","raw_affiliation_strings":["S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Laboratory, DeustoTech-Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3Lab, DeustoTech - Computing, Deusto Institute of Technology, Avenida de las Universidades 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136040515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084280760","display_name":"Mikel Gastesi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115481","display_name":"S21sec (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nxkx765","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikel Gastesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["S21sec, Orcoyen, Spain","S21sec, Parque Empresarial La Muga, 11, 31160, Orcoyen, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S21sec, Orcoyen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S21sec, Parque Empresarial La Muga, 11, 31160, Orcoyen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005404467","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Esparza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115481","display_name":"S21sec (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nxkx765","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Miguel Esparza","raw_affiliation_strings":["S21sec, Orcoyen, Spain","S21sec, Parque Empresarial La Muga, 11, 31160, Orcoyen, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S21sec, Orcoyen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S21sec, Parque Empresarial La Muga, 11, 31160, Orcoyen, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75290332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"342","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.9110058546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unpacking","display_name":"Unpacking","score":0.8750964403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8253979682922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7933291792869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5426152348518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5195020437240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5127238035202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4654653072357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3448374271392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24531763792037964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.9110058546066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777256151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897273","display_name":"Unpacking","level":2,"score":0.8750964403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8253979682922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7933291792869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5426152348518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5195020437240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5127238035202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4654653072357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3448374271392822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24531763792037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnss.2011.6060027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 5th International Conference on Network and System Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116627068","https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1558357780","https://openalex.org/W1576226931","https://openalex.org/W2020841067","https://openalex.org/W2051725773","https://openalex.org/W2096921767","https://openalex.org/W2126734536","https://openalex.org/W2128389850","https://openalex.org/W2150423842","https://openalex.org/W2151300580","https://openalex.org/W2152067881","https://openalex.org/W2154455818","https://openalex.org/W2159702664","https://openalex.org/W2162275200","https://openalex.org/W2164049479","https://openalex.org/W2165357553","https://openalex.org/W2168414911","https://openalex.org/W2519944239","https://openalex.org/W6604743090","https://openalex.org/W6634531628","https://openalex.org/W6682404691","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6684033325","https://openalex.org/W6727200767"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980032325","https://openalex.org/W2042188247","https://openalex.org/W2017714611","https://openalex.org/W4224995949","https://openalex.org/W1992482086","https://openalex.org/W2555789008","https://openalex.org/W2902937489","https://openalex.org/W1995118279","https://openalex.org/W4240624848","https://openalex.org/W1586252162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"term":[1],"malware":[2,16,78],"is":[3,23,44,91,135,142,163,230],"coined":[4],"to":[5,53,58,83,98,114,137,152,165,180,205],"name":[6],"any":[7],"software":[8],"with":[9,77],"malicious":[10],"intentions.":[11],"One":[12],"of":[13,28,35,119,160,174,210],"the":[14,32,36,60,66,106,116,120,158,207,221,233],"methods":[15,103],"writers":[17],"use":[18],"for":[19,70,194],"hiding":[20,31],"their":[21],"creations":[22],"executable":[24,37,141,196],"packing.":[25],"Packing":[26],"consists":[27],"encrypting":[29],"or":[30,46,112,144],"real":[33,117],"code":[34,118],"in":[38,48,108,127],"such":[39],"a":[40,92,109,128,132,171,191,200],"way":[41],"that":[42,94,198,220],"it":[43,75,169],"decrypted":[45],"unhidden":[47],"its":[49],"execution.":[50],"Widespread":[51],"solutions":[52],"this":[54,80,100,154,187],"issue":[55],"first":[56],"try":[57],"identify":[59],"packer":[61],"used":[62,231],"and":[63,86,176,183],"next":[64],"apply":[65],"corresponding":[67],"unpacking":[68,90],"routine":[69],"each":[71],"packing":[72],"algorithm.":[73],"As":[74],"happens":[76],"obfuscations,":[79],"approach":[81,204],"fails":[82],"detect":[84],"new":[85,192],"custom":[87],"packers.":[88],"Generic":[89],"technique":[93],"has":[95],"been":[96,150],"proposed":[97,151],"solve":[99],"issue.":[101],"These":[102],"usually":[104],"execute":[105],"binary":[107],"contained":[110],"environment":[111],"sandbox":[113],"retrieve":[115],"packed":[121,143,175,178,195],"executable.":[122],"Because":[123],"these":[124],"approaches":[125,148],"incur":[126],"high":[129,172,236],"performance":[130],"overhead,":[131],"filter":[133],"step":[134],"required":[136],"determine":[138],"whether":[139],"an":[140,216],"not.":[145],"Supervised":[146],"machine-learning":[147],"have":[149],"handle":[153],"filtering":[155],"step.":[156],"However,":[157],"usefulness":[159],"supervised":[161,212,228],"learning":[162,203,229],"far":[164],"be":[166,181],"complete":[167],"because":[168],"requires":[170],"amount":[173],"not":[177],"executables":[179],"identified":[182],"labelled":[184],"previously.":[185],"In":[186],"paper,":[188],"we":[189],"propose":[190],"method":[193],"detection":[197],"adopts":[199],"well-known":[201],"semi-supervised":[202],"reduce":[206],"labelling":[208,222],"requirements":[209],"completely":[211],"approaches.":[213],"We":[214],"performed":[215],"empirical":[217],"validation":[218],"demonstrating":[219],"efforts":[223],"are":[224],"lower":[225],"than":[226],"when":[227],"while":[232],"system":[234],"maintains":[235],"accuracy":[237],"rates.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}