{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128631944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067","title":"Balancing Latency and Energy: A Hybrid Geometric Method for Leader Drone Positioning in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities","display_name":"Balancing Latency and Energy: A Hybrid Geometric Method for Leader Drone Positioning in IoT-Enabled Smart Cities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128631944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057569676","display_name":"Saeid Sheikhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-966X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Sheikhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125658352","display_name":"Aref Amiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aref Amiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095842596","display_name":"Amirhossein Ghaffari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9264-8681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirhossein Ghaffari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Ubiquitous Computing, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering,Oulu,Finland,90014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78233627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"364","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8518000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4997999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.35409998893737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8518000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4997999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.37790000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110698143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651389","display_name":"Patrolling","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00067","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4230935547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148,176],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,18,23,29,53,63,150,170,178,188,195],"smart":[4,137,197],"city":[5,198],"technologies":[6],"has":[7],"transformed":[8],"urban":[9,166],"environments":[10],"by":[11],"improving":[12],"efficiency,":[13],"sustainability,":[14],"and":[15,46,51,70,94,125,144,168,174],"overall":[16],"quality":[17],"life.":[19],"A":[20],"key":[21],"component":[22],"these":[24,179],"developments":[25],"is":[26],"the":[27,60,88,95,154,171,186,193],"integration":[28,177],"unmanned":[30],"aerial":[31],"vehicles":[32],"(UAVs),":[33],"which":[34,66],"are":[35,56],"critical":[36],"in":[37,136],"applications":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"surveillance,":[41],"environmental":[42],"monitoring,":[43],"traffic":[44],"management,":[45],"emergency":[47],"response.":[48],"Effective":[49],"management":[50,191],"control":[52],"drone":[54,80,116,189],"swarms":[55],"heavily":[57],"based":[58,118],"on":[59,119],"optimal":[61],"positioning":[62,82,105,157],"leader":[64,81],"drones,":[65],"significantly":[67],"affects":[68],"latency":[69,93,143],"power":[71],"consumption.":[72,147],"This":[73],"paper":[74,152],"proposes":[75],"a":[76,182],"hybrid":[77,155],"approach":[78,140],"to":[79],"that":[83,113,132],"combines":[84],"two":[85],"geometric":[86,89,156],"methods:":[87],"median":[90],"for":[91,98,164,185],"minimizing":[92],"centroid":[96],"method":[97],"maximizing":[99],"energy":[100,146],"efficiency.":[101],"To":[102],"enhance":[103],"this":[104,151],"process,":[106],"we":[107],"introduce":[108],"an":[109,159],"adaptive":[110,160],"weighting":[111],"mechanism":[112,162],"dynamically":[114],"adjusts":[115],"placements":[117],"real-time":[120],"metrics,":[121],"including":[122],"battery":[123],"levels":[124],"data":[126],"transmission":[127],"rates.":[128],"Through":[129],"extensive":[130],"simulations":[131],"reflect":[133],"realistic":[134],"scenarios":[135],"cities,":[138],"our":[139],"minimizes":[141],"communication":[142],"reduces":[145],"contributions":[149],"include":[153],"methodology,":[158],"prioritization":[161],"designed":[163],"context-aware":[165],"operations,":[167],"validation":[169],"method's":[172],"effectiveness":[173],"scalability.":[175],"elements":[180],"establishes":[181],"robust":[183],"framework":[184],"improvement":[187],"swarm":[190],"within":[192],"context":[194],"IoT-enabled":[196],"ecosystems.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}