{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128607432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066","title":"Beyond Black Boxes: Trustworthy and Energy-Efficient IoT Systems for Extended Lifespan and Reduced Bias in Remote Health Monitoring","display_name":"Beyond Black Boxes: Trustworthy and Energy-Efficient IoT Systems for Extended Lifespan and Reduced Bias in Remote Health Monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128607432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051136793","display_name":"Constantino \u00c1lvarez Casado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-4759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Constantino \u00c1lvarez Casado","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064865907","display_name":"Mehdi Safarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Safarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125631334","display_name":"Le Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125641980","display_name":"Jacobo Cabaleiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacobo Cabaleiro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029543615","display_name":"Sasan Sharifipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasan Sharifipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071609363","display_name":"Praneeth Susarla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6707-7684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Praneeth Susarla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057814420","display_name":"Manuel Lage Ca\u00f1ellas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-340X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Lage Ca\u00f1ellas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125678951","display_name":"Abhishek Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Jyv&#x00E4;skyl&#x00E4;,Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060236166","display_name":"Matteo Pedone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Pedone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005498985","display_name":"Miguel Bordallo L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Bordallo L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu,Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis (CMVS),Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051136793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63017301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"356","last_page":"363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.4959000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.4959000051021576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.16590000689029694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.08879999816417694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.36559998989105225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6657999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778949103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600717","display_name":"Staring","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc66229.2025.00066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116],"growing":[1],"demand":[2],"for":[3,58,68,78,95,188],"real-time,":[4],"continuous":[5],"health":[6],"monitoring":[7,193],"in":[8,33,177],"clinical":[9],"and":[10,22,36,102,124,156,163,179,185,190],"human-machine":[11],"interaction":[12],"contexts":[13],"motivates":[14],"local,":[15],"on-device":[16],"video":[17],"analysis":[18],"using":[19,98],"edge":[20],"computing":[21],"artificial":[23],"intelligence":[24],"(AI)":[25],"on":[26,113,194],"resource-constrained":[27],"hardware.":[28,115],"A":[29],"key":[30],"challenge":[31],"lies":[32],"the":[34,48,128,132,142,165,195],"computational":[35],"energy":[37,186],"costs":[38],"of":[39,50,52,145],"monolithic":[40,109],"end-to-end":[41],"deep":[42,66,110,133],"learning":[43,111,134],"models,":[44],"which":[45],"often":[46],"exceed":[47],"capabilities":[49],"Internet":[51],"Things":[53],"(IoT)":[54],"devices.":[55],"We":[56,171],"argue":[57],"a":[59,87,92,108,146],"hardware-aware,":[60],"modular":[61,147],"design":[62,174],"that":[63],"integrates":[64],"efficient":[65],"models":[67],"well-defined":[69],"perceptual":[70],"tasks":[71],"(e.g.,":[72],"face":[73],"detection)":[74],"with":[75,173],"physiology-grounded":[76],"algorithms":[77],"sensitive,":[79],"data-scarce":[80],"inferences":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"affective":[84],"state.":[85],"As":[86],"case":[88],"study,":[89],"we":[90],"implemented":[91],"lightweight":[93,117],"pipeline":[94,118],"depression":[96],"detection":[97],"remote":[99],"photoplethysmography":[100],"(rPPG)":[101],"traditional":[103],"regression,":[104],"comparing":[105],"it":[106],"to":[107,167],"baseline":[112],"embedded":[114],"maintains":[119],"30":[120],"frames":[121],"per":[122],"second":[123],"more":[125],"than":[126],"doubles":[127],"battery":[129],"life,":[130],"while":[131],"model":[135],"did":[136],"not":[137],"meet":[138],"real-time":[139],"constraints,":[140],"highlighting":[141],"practical":[143],"advantage":[144],"sustainable":[148],"design.":[149],"Beyond":[150],"efficiency,":[151],"this":[152],"approach":[153],"enhances":[154],"trustworthiness":[155],"privacy":[157],"by":[158],"enabling":[159],"transparent":[160],"signal":[161],"processing":[162],"reducing":[164],"need":[166],"transmit":[168],"raw":[169],"video.":[170],"conclude":[172],"principles":[175],"grounded":[176],"human-centered":[178],"value-sensitive":[180],"perspectives,":[181],"emphasizing":[182],"interpretability,":[183],"modularity,":[184],"efficiency":[187],"scalable":[189],"privacy-preserving":[191],"physiological":[192],"edge.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-12T06:17:30.163165","created_date":"2026-02-12T00:00:00"}
