{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388820409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021","title":"Vertical Drone Delivery: A Multi-Depot VRP with Load-Dependent Energy Consumption","display_name":"Vertical Drone Delivery: A Multi-Depot VRP with Load-Dependent Energy Consumption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388820409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093294039","display_name":"Viral Sahu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viral Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070079872","display_name":"Ryan O\u2019Neil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-7421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan O\u2019Neil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002407839","display_name":"Abdelhakim Khatab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90183372","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine","ror":"https://ror.org/04vfs2w97","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhakim Khatab","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lorraine,Computer Eng., Prod. & Maintenance,Metz,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lorraine,Computer Eng., Prod. & Maintenance,Metz,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054952873","display_name":"Uday Venkatadri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uday Venkatadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015913962","display_name":"Claver Diallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-2187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claver Diallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University,Dept. of Industrial Engineering,Halifax,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91904359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8483001589775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6938352584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6473701000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"Carbon footprint","score":0.6325980424880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.5892474055290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.5590333342552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5215209126472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5091714262962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.420823872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3712555170059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33820903301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20650967955589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.16298070549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14809024333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08373767137527466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8483001589775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6938352584838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6473701000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.6325980424880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5892474055290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.5590333342552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5215209126472473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5091714262962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.420823872089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3712555170059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33820903301239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20650967955589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.16298070549964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14809024333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08373767137527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc58704.2023.10319021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977319619","https://openalex.org/W2082040042","https://openalex.org/W2471190594","https://openalex.org/W2571149404","https://openalex.org/W2604185556","https://openalex.org/W2609239033","https://openalex.org/W2736422478","https://openalex.org/W2745115605","https://openalex.org/W2756240103","https://openalex.org/W2761340423","https://openalex.org/W2766561679","https://openalex.org/W2792557859","https://openalex.org/W2800687011","https://openalex.org/W2915338839","https://openalex.org/W2996999140","https://openalex.org/W3015527528","https://openalex.org/W3027373571","https://openalex.org/W3032947628","https://openalex.org/W3037300836","https://openalex.org/W3084064394","https://openalex.org/W3125377832","https://openalex.org/W3133418365","https://openalex.org/W3155782751","https://openalex.org/W4323859692","https://openalex.org/W6736325001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104369155","https://openalex.org/W2162390224","https://openalex.org/W4389988448","https://openalex.org/W4320030328","https://openalex.org/W2031734160","https://openalex.org/W2238629651","https://openalex.org/W4366179056","https://openalex.org/W2883844485","https://openalex.org/W2897298371","https://openalex.org/W4253735668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drones":[0],"or":[1],"Unmanned":[2],"Aerial":[3],"Vehicles":[4],"(UAVs)":[5],"have":[6,27,42,112],"the":[7,13,43,105,136,169],"potential":[8],"to":[9,22,45,99,126,154],"modernize":[10],"and":[11,24,53,61,94],"transform":[12],"logistics":[14],"industry.":[15],"They":[16],"are":[17],"compact,":[18],"highly":[19],"mobile,":[20],"economical":[21],"operate,":[23],"most":[25],"importantly,":[26],"a":[28,39,58,85,91,148,165,172,175],"significantly":[29],"smaller":[30],"carbon":[31],"footprint":[32],"than":[33],"traditional":[34],"means":[35],"of":[36,171,174,178],"transportation.":[37],"As":[38],"result,":[40],"they":[41],"capability":[44],"navigate":[46],"our":[47],"increasingly":[48],"congested":[49],"cities":[50],"with":[51,79],"ease":[52],"thus":[54],"propel":[55],"us":[56],"toward":[57],"more":[59],"sustainable":[60],"environmentally":[62],"friendly":[63],"future.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66,141,145,159,179],"study,":[67],"we":[68,122],"develop":[69],"an":[70],"energy":[71,82,109],"optimization":[72,106,110],"routing":[73],"model":[74,92],"for":[75,116,151],"vertical":[76,133],"drone":[77],"delivery":[78],"load":[80],"dependent":[81],"consumption":[83],"in":[84,119,132,158,168],"multi":[86],"depot":[87],"setting.":[88],"We":[89],"solve":[90],"problem":[93,173],"carry":[95],"out":[96,115,157],"numerical":[97],"experiments":[98],"understand":[100],"how":[101],"different":[102],"parameters":[103],"affect":[104],"model.":[107],"Although":[108],"studies":[111],"been":[113],"carried":[114,156],"drones":[117],"operating":[118],"horizontal":[120],"planes,":[121],"were":[123],"not":[124],"able":[125],"find":[127],"much":[128],"literature":[129],"about":[130],"deliveries":[131],"planes":[134],"considering":[135],"gravitational":[137],"penalty,":[138],"which":[139],"makes":[140],"study":[142],"unique.":[143],"Hence,":[144],"serves":[146],"as":[147],"foundational":[149],"investigation":[150],"further":[152],"experimentation":[153],"be":[155],"domain.":[160],"The":[161],"paper":[162],"also":[163],"discusses":[164],"practical":[166],"example":[167],"form":[170],"real-life":[176],"application":[177],"study.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}