{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804963460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","title":"A novel hierarchical regression approach for human facial age estimation based on deep forest","display_name":"A novel hierarchical regression approach for human facial age estimation based on deep forest","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804963460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","mag":"2804963460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546456","display_name":"Tao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-9064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031956505","display_name":"Yonghao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-0709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100720047","display_name":"Lifeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-6506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076835782","display_name":"Huaxiong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaxiong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407819","display_name":"Weihong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-7644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697167","display_name":"Chunlin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3929-4707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunlin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101546456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70175695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.6503666639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6144102811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.59162437915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5062333941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.500685453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3648297190666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35885584354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3534001111984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20553967356681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09585374593734741}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.6503666639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6144102811813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.59162437915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5062333941459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.500685453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3648297190666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35885584354400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3534001111984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20553967356681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09585374593734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2018.8361338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1905153633","https://openalex.org/W1972960842","https://openalex.org/W1982150204","https://openalex.org/W2009088607","https://openalex.org/W2017155271","https://openalex.org/W2036070282","https://openalex.org/W2036868818","https://openalex.org/W2039140324","https://openalex.org/W2075875861","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2115394472","https://openalex.org/W2147278565","https://openalex.org/W2149999708","https://openalex.org/W2151386286","https://openalex.org/W2151451863","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2231014780","https://openalex.org/W2255794050","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2395791005","https://openalex.org/W2588729078","https://openalex.org/W2592340788","https://openalex.org/W3102476541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W31220157","https://openalex.org/W2312753042","https://openalex.org/W4289356671","https://openalex.org/W2389155397","https://openalex.org/W2165884543","https://openalex.org/W3186837933","https://openalex.org/W2368989808","https://openalex.org/W2034959125","https://openalex.org/W2355687852","https://openalex.org/W2621086889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"facial":[1,38,145],"age":[2,39,116,121],"estimation":[3,97,122],"has":[4],"received":[5],"continuous":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8,118,131],"security":[9],"control,":[10],"age-targeted":[11],"advertising,":[12],"biometrics,":[13],"etc.":[14],"In":[15,84],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"a":[18,49,86,102,107,112],"novel":[19,87],"deep":[20],"forest":[21],"approach":[22,43,90,137],"(named":[23],"fcXGBoost,":[24],"i.e.,":[25],"multi-features":[26],"fusion":[27,57,67],"cascade":[28,50],"XGBoost)":[29],"is":[30,91,123,138],"proposed":[31,92,124,136],"for":[32,52,58],"the":[33,59,96,119,127,141,155],"regression":[34,89,104,109,133],"task":[35],"of":[36,45,61,68,101,115,129,148],"human":[37],"estimation.":[40],"The":[41,135],"fcXGBoost":[42],"consists":[44,100],"Cascade":[46],"XGBoost":[47],"with":[48,66],"structure":[51],"representation":[53],"learning,":[54],"and":[55,80,106,143],"multi-feature":[56],"enhancement":[60],"its":[62],"representational":[63],"learning":[64],"ability":[65],"multiple":[69],"features":[70],"(including":[71],"Active":[72],"Appearance":[73],"Models":[74],"(AAM),":[75],"Local":[76],"Binary":[77],"Patterns":[78],"(LBP)":[79],"Gabor":[81],"Wavelets":[82],"(GW)).":[83],"addition,":[85],"hierarchical":[88],"to":[93,125,154],"further":[94],"improve":[95],"performance,":[98],"which":[99],"rough":[103,132],"stage":[105],"detailed":[108,120],"stage.":[110,134],"Furthermore,":[111],"flexible":[113],"overlapping":[114],"ranges":[117],"eliminate":[126],"influence":[128],"error":[130],"evaluated":[139],"on":[140],"benchmark":[142],"public":[144],"image":[146],"dataset":[147],"MORPH":[149],"Album":[150],"2":[151],"by":[152],"comparison":[153],"state-of-the-art":[156],"results.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}