{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407129793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567","title":"The Space Above the Sky: Uniting Global-Scale Ground Station as a Service for Efficient Orbital Data Processing","display_name":"The Space Above the Sky: Uniting Global-Scale Ground Station as a Service for Efficient Orbital Data Processing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407129793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081782268","display_name":"Heng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-7609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099186094","display_name":"Sheng Cen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Cen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100515623","display_name":"Yifei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6584-2684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081782268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83678462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.6276909112930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6027311086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5084494352340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5040825605392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4660084843635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4459632933139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.4218674302101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32484376430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.222108393907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2085903286933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1816244125366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15146780014038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10193920135498047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.6276909112930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6027311086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5084494352340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5040825605392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4660084843635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4459632933139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.4218674302101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32484376430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.222108393907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2085903286933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1816244125366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15146780014038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10193920135498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858567","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7209038422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8504585667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302292","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116616644","https://openalex.org/W2565576386","https://openalex.org/W2576190712","https://openalex.org/W2592351922","https://openalex.org/W2618014212","https://openalex.org/W2776305546","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2886485362","https://openalex.org/W2899363336","https://openalex.org/W2900604860","https://openalex.org/W3022794580","https://openalex.org/W3044639176","https://openalex.org/W3080511272","https://openalex.org/W3133186223","https://openalex.org/W3168937343","https://openalex.org/W3188396886","https://openalex.org/W3212813280","https://openalex.org/W4200076106","https://openalex.org/W4226192790","https://openalex.org/W4285395664","https://openalex.org/W4315629687","https://openalex.org/W4387212619","https://openalex.org/W6685630749","https://openalex.org/W6766899402","https://openalex.org/W6839085451","https://openalex.org/W6850391422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245358137","https://openalex.org/W2528420922","https://openalex.org/W2587830478","https://openalex.org/W3010033880","https://openalex.org/W4286825833","https://openalex.org/W2554059268","https://openalex.org/W2919291704","https://openalex.org/W2328468600","https://openalex.org/W2369577330","https://openalex.org/W4205847029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"constellations":[1],"of":[2,12,19,54,81,164,180],"Earth":[3,6],"Observation":[4],"Low":[5],"Orbit":[7],"satellites":[8],"collect":[9],"enormous":[10],"amounts":[11],"image":[13],"data":[14,20,26,66,91,145,217,237],"every":[15],"day.":[16],"This":[17],"amount":[18],"needs":[21],"to":[22,25,45,51,83,96,100,155,196,232,241],"be":[23],"transferred":[24],"centers":[27,218],"for":[28,74],"processing":[29],"via":[30],"ground":[31,55,63,102,214],"stations.":[32],"Ground":[33],"Station":[34],"as":[35,40,136],"a":[36,41,52,58,84,112,137,143,162,187],"Service":[37],"(GSaaS)":[38],"emerges":[39],"new":[42],"cloud":[43,124,129],"service":[44],"offer":[46],"satellite":[47,76],"operators":[48],"easy":[49],"access":[50],"network":[53],"stations":[56],"on":[57,211],"pay-per-use":[59],"basis.":[60],"However,":[61],"renting":[62],"station":[64,103],"and":[65,93,118,123,191,204,216],"center":[67],"resources":[68],"still":[69,179],"incurs":[70],"considerable":[71],"costs,":[72],"especially":[73],"large":[75],"constellations.":[77],"The":[78,220],"current":[79],"practice":[80],"sticking":[82],"single":[85],"GSaaS":[86,122],"provider":[87],"also":[88],"suffers":[89],"high":[90],"latency":[92,146,238],"low":[94],"robustness":[95],"weather":[97],"variability":[98],"due":[99],"limited":[101],"availability.":[104],"To":[105],"address":[106],"these":[107],"limitations,":[108],"we":[109,151,183],"propose":[110],"SkyGS,":[111,150],"system":[113,138],"that":[114,168,224],"schedules":[115],"both":[116],"communication":[117],"computation":[119],"by":[120,230,239],"federating":[121],"computing":[125],"services":[126],"across":[127],"multiple":[128],"providers.":[130],"We":[131,199],"formulate":[132],"the":[133,157,175,193,201],"resulting":[134],"problem":[135,141,160,177,190],"cost":[139,228],"minimization":[140],"with":[142],"long-term":[144,158],"threshold":[147],"constraint.":[148],"In":[149],"apply":[152],"Lyapunov":[153],"optimization":[154,159,166],"decompose":[156],"into":[161,186],"series":[163],"real-time":[165],"problems":[167],"do":[169],"not":[170],"require":[171],"prior":[172],"knowledge.":[173],"As":[174],"decomposed":[176],"is":[178],"exponential":[181],"complexity,":[182],"transform":[184],"it":[185],"bipartite":[188],"graph-matching":[189],"employ":[192],"Hungarian":[194],"algorithm":[195],"solve":[197],"it.":[198],"analyze":[200],"performance":[202],"theoretically":[203],"evaluate":[205],"SkyGS":[206,225],"using":[207],"realistic":[208],"simulations":[209],"based":[210],"real-world":[212],"satellites,":[213],"stations,":[215],"data.":[219],"comprehensive":[221],"experiments":[222],"demonstrate":[223],"can":[226],"achieve":[227],"savings":[229],"up":[231,240],"63%":[233],"&":[234],"reduce":[235],"average":[236],"95%.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}