{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407130027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559","title":"Infiltrating the Sky: Data Delay and Overflow Attacks in Earth Observation Constellations","display_name":"Infiltrating the Sky: Data Delay and Overflow Attacks in Earth Observation Constellations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407130027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083273459","display_name":"Xiaojian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014382313","display_name":"Ruiyang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-0779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruozhou Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Carolina State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Carolina State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042254399","display_name":"Dan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado School of Mines"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado School of Mines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021700970","display_name":"Andrew Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"and Guoliang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083273459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66373976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.9025999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.8665168881416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.6069895029067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5583457946777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","score":0.5476136207580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43970930576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.33117297291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3283136487007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32227617502212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2368515431880951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.21747952699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12055450677871704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.8665168881416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.6069895029067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5583457946777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.5476136207580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43970930576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.33117297291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3283136487007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32227617502212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2368515431880951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.21747952699661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12055450677871704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp61940.2024.10858559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2569868571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2045539,2433966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994408974","https://openalex.org/W2017371166","https://openalex.org/W2087552667","https://openalex.org/W2162386041","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2736243871","https://openalex.org/W2768036497","https://openalex.org/W2907025848","https://openalex.org/W2928144238","https://openalex.org/W2966878699","https://openalex.org/W2982351920","https://openalex.org/W3007301222","https://openalex.org/W3011163537","https://openalex.org/W3011372746","https://openalex.org/W3129609980","https://openalex.org/W3188396886","https://openalex.org/W3207709470","https://openalex.org/W3216269637","https://openalex.org/W4285213600","https://openalex.org/W4386260552","https://openalex.org/W4387212619","https://openalex.org/W4390561715","https://openalex.org/W4392822708","https://openalex.org/W4400770708","https://openalex.org/W6640052814","https://openalex.org/W6740874048","https://openalex.org/W6781028627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245358137","https://openalex.org/W2801080295","https://openalex.org/W2528420922","https://openalex.org/W2587830478","https://openalex.org/W1637585205","https://openalex.org/W95005743","https://openalex.org/W3027684452","https://openalex.org/W3087128175","https://openalex.org/W3156371387","https://openalex.org/W2327420602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1,4,116],"Orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"Observation":[5],"(EO)":[6],"satellites":[7,20,46],"have":[8,47],"changed":[9],"the":[10,40,111,163,169,174,210],"way":[11],"we":[12,94,138],"monitor":[13],"Earth.":[14],"Acting":[15],"like":[16],"moving":[17],"cameras,":[18],"EO":[19,45,76,121],"are":[21,78],"formed":[22],"in":[23,104,183,193],"constellations":[24,77],"with":[25],"different":[26],"missions":[27],"and":[28,30,58,63,84,173,187,205],"priorities,":[29],"capture":[31],"vast":[32],"data":[33,118,134,152,170,175,207],"that":[34,140],"needs":[35],"to":[36,39,68,80,130,180,208],"be":[37],"transmitted":[38],"ground":[41,61,85],"for":[42,87],"processing.":[43],"However,":[44],"very":[48],"limited":[49,53],"downlink":[50],"communication":[51,82,89,220],"capability,":[52],"by":[54,101,141],"transmission":[55,65,135],"bandwidth,":[56],"number":[57],"location":[59],"of":[60,115,213],"stations,":[62],"small":[64],"windows":[66],"due":[67],"highvelocity":[69],"satellite":[70,144,203,219],"movement.":[71],"To":[72],"optimize":[73],"resource":[74,102],"utilization,":[75],"expected":[79],"share":[81],"spectrum":[83],"stations":[86],"maximum":[88],"efficiency.":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"investigate":[95],"a":[96],"new":[97],"attack":[98,172,185],"surface":[99],"exposed":[100],"competition":[103],"<tex":[105],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{E":[107],"O}$</tex>":[108],"constellations,":[109],"targeting":[110],"delay":[112,171],"or":[113,160,191],"drop":[114],"monitoring":[117],"using":[119,201],"legitimate":[120],"services.":[122],"Specifically,":[123],"an":[124,146],"attacker":[125,147],"can":[126,148],"inject":[127],"high-priority":[128],"requests":[129],"temporarily":[131],"preempt":[132],"low-priority":[133,154],"windows.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"show":[139],"utilizing":[142],"predictable":[143],"dynamics,":[145],"intelligently":[149],"target":[150],"critical":[151],"from":[153],"satellites,":[155],"either":[156],"delaying":[157],"its":[158],"delivery":[159],"irreversibly":[161],"dropping":[162],"data.":[164],"We":[165,196,222],"formulate":[166],"two":[167],"attacks,":[168],"overflow":[176],"attack,":[177],"design":[178],"algorithms":[179],"assist":[181],"attackers":[182],"devising":[184],"strategies,":[186],"analyze":[188],"their":[189],"feasibility":[190],"optimality":[192],"typical":[194],"scenarios.":[195],"then":[197],"conduct":[198],"trace-driven":[199],"simulations":[200],"real-world":[202],"images":[204],"orbit":[206],"evaluate":[209],"success":[211],"probability":[212],"launching":[214],"these":[215,228],"attacks":[216],"under":[217],"realistic":[218],"settings.":[221],"also":[223],"discuss":[224],"possible":[225],"defenses":[226],"against":[227],"attacks.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
