{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200617671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977","title":"TROD: Evolving From Electrical Data Center to Optical Data Center","display_name":"TROD: Evolving From Electrical Data Center to Optical Data Center","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200617671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070612714","display_name":"Peirui Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peirui Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075325244","display_name":"Shizhen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005099756","display_name":"Min Yee The","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yee The","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068203622","display_name":"Yunzhuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0451-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunzhuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034483183","display_name":"Xinbing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-8356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070612714"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82592633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clos-network","display_name":"Clos network","score":0.9053963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7673702836036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.6596130728721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6121964454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6054753661155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5944762825965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5394561886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.48685091733932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3724116086959839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119700423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4418086","display_name":"Clos network","level":2,"score":0.9053963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7673702836036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.6596130728721619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6121964454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6054753661155701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5944762825965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5394561886787415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48685091733932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3724116086959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp52444.2021.9651977","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 29th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988150362","https://openalex.org/W1998471240","https://openalex.org/W2044425733","https://openalex.org/W2099657323","https://openalex.org/W2103830109","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2124700175","https://openalex.org/W2129424879","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2147167313","https://openalex.org/W2177488376","https://openalex.org/W2289470107","https://openalex.org/W2396804793","https://openalex.org/W2486960733","https://openalex.org/W2496822788","https://openalex.org/W2540285146","https://openalex.org/W2559629050","https://openalex.org/W2604745127","https://openalex.org/W2604764118","https://openalex.org/W2743429249","https://openalex.org/W2768061196","https://openalex.org/W2799193567","https://openalex.org/W2968108410","https://openalex.org/W3008830959","https://openalex.org/W3009099598","https://openalex.org/W3009595907","https://openalex.org/W3025254981","https://openalex.org/W3046344355","https://openalex.org/W3046470751","https://openalex.org/W4231891315","https://openalex.org/W4237515752","https://openalex.org/W4242648275","https://openalex.org/W4251897646","https://openalex.org/W6685482500","https://openalex.org/W6736125203","https://openalex.org/W6750847628","https://openalex.org/W6760882819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365808260","https://openalex.org/W2293042759","https://openalex.org/W2355823644","https://openalex.org/W1830484068","https://openalex.org/W2171645297","https://openalex.org/W2160009832","https://openalex.org/W1975482547","https://openalex.org/W157693247","https://openalex.org/W2035270046","https://openalex.org/W2040781695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,9,19,48,52,60,64,108,178,194,199,203,212,220],"bandwidth":[2,217],"scaling":[3],"limit":[4],"of":[5,12,21,63,202],"electrical":[6],"switching":[7],"and":[8,47,112,126,159,183,208,233],"high":[10],"cost":[11],"building":[13],"Clos":[14,54,214],"data":[15],"center":[16],"networks":[17],"(DCNs),":[18],"adoption":[20],"optical":[22,33,66,79,86,180,221],"DCNs":[23],"is":[24,56],"still":[25],"limited.":[26],"There":[27,88],"are":[28,44,89],"two":[29,90],"reasons.":[30],"First,":[31,100],"existing":[32,65,179],"DCN":[34,55,67,80,157,164,181],"designs":[35,43,92],"usually":[36],"face":[37],"tremendous":[38],"deployment":[39,125],"complexity.":[40,128],"Second,":[41,129],"these":[42],"not":[45,57,115,235],"full-optical":[46],"performance":[49,83],"benefit":[50],"against":[51],"non-blocking":[53,195,213],"clear.After":[58],"exploring":[59],"design":[61],"tradeoffs":[62],"designs,":[68,182],"we":[69],"propose":[70],"TROD":[71,94,101,130,166,197,225],"(Threshold":[72],"Routing":[73],"based":[74,106,152],"Optical":[75],"Datacenter),":[76],"a":[77],"low-complexity":[78],"with":[81,177,188,193,215,229],"superior":[82],"than":[84],"other":[85],"DCNs.":[87],"novel":[91],"in":[93],"that":[95,224],"contribute":[96],"to":[97,117,119],"its":[98],"success.":[99],"performs":[102],"robust":[103],"topology":[104],"optimization":[105],"on":[107,153],"recurring":[109],"traffic":[110,121,147],"patterns":[111],"thus":[113],"does":[114,234],"need":[116],"react":[118],"every":[120],"change,":[122],"which":[123,135],"lowers":[124],"management":[127],"introduces":[131],"tVLB":[132],"(threshold-based":[133],"VLB),":[134],"can":[136,226],"avoid":[137],"network":[138],"congestion":[139],"as":[140,142],"much":[141],"possible":[143],"even":[144,210],"under":[145],"unexpected":[146],"bursts.":[148],"We":[149],"conduct":[150],"simulation":[151],"both":[154],"Facebook&#x2019;s":[155],"real":[156],"traces":[158],"our":[160],"synthesized":[161],"highly":[162],"bursty":[163],"traces.":[165],"reduces":[167,198],"flow":[168],"completion":[169],"time":[170],"(FCT)":[171],"by":[172,184,206],"at":[173,219],"least":[174],"2&#x00D7;":[175],"compared":[176,187],"approximately":[185],"2.4-3.2&#x00D7;":[186],"expander":[189],"graph":[190],"DCN.":[191],"Compared":[192],"Clos,":[196],"hop":[200],"count":[201],"majority":[204],"packets":[205],"one,":[207],"could":[209],"outperform":[211],"proper":[216],"over-provision":[218],"layer.":[222],"Note":[223],"be":[227],"built":[228],"commercially":[230],"available":[231],"hardware":[232],"require":[236],"host":[237],"modifications.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-07T06:11:34.122080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
