{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982460033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","title":"FlowShader: a Generalized Framework for GPU-accelerated VNF Flow Processing","display_name":"FlowShader: a Generalized Framework for GPU-accelerated VNF Flow Processing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982460033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","mag":"2982460033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 27th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020679643","display_name":"Xiaodong Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-9543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395809","display_name":"Junjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-6475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016658545","display_name":"Jingpu Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingpu Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078969904","display_name":"Wei Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012597518","display_name":"Chuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735357","display_name":"Yongqiang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015247369","display_name":"Dongsu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6922-7244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020679643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80773222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8544559478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.671623706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.666275680065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.608027994632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-processing","display_name":"Stream processing","score":0.5749120116233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.5008723735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.5004687309265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.482481986284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.47432491183280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47290313243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.45727279782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.44874992966651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.2815805673599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16122081875801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.15363895893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1399940848350525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8544559478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.671623706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.666275680065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.608027994632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107027933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006448","display_name":"Stream processing","level":2,"score":0.5749120116233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.5008723735809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.5004687309265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.482481986284256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47432491183280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47290313243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.45727279782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.44874992966651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.2815805673599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16122081875801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.15363895893096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1399940848350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnp.2019.8888129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 27th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40377838","https://openalex.org/W103634144","https://openalex.org/W186989516","https://openalex.org/W568887866","https://openalex.org/W1424350945","https://openalex.org/W1481341908","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1775772884","https://openalex.org/W1843974934","https://openalex.org/W1945611927","https://openalex.org/W1950637132","https://openalex.org/W1968382540","https://openalex.org/W1968424438","https://openalex.org/W1999769581","https://openalex.org/W2007087405","https://openalex.org/W2010365467","https://openalex.org/W2020145470","https://openalex.org/W2036495927","https://openalex.org/W2056048738","https://openalex.org/W2079625994","https://openalex.org/W2101306108","https://openalex.org/W2103838950","https://openalex.org/W2111734949","https://openalex.org/W2114403135","https://openalex.org/W2115229279","https://openalex.org/W2116065364","https://openalex.org/W2123372830","https://openalex.org/W2123797870","https://openalex.org/W2138623315","https://openalex.org/W2139325411","https://openalex.org/W2144127235","https://openalex.org/W2144255176","https://openalex.org/W2150942100","https://openalex.org/W2153190325","https://openalex.org/W2189379812","https://openalex.org/W2268784985","https://openalex.org/W2343283570","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2417399276","https://openalex.org/W2465123170","https://openalex.org/W2483730973","https://openalex.org/W2504074749","https://openalex.org/W2558154288","https://openalex.org/W2579461576","https://openalex.org/W2604403546","https://openalex.org/W2605250808","https://openalex.org/W2605301016","https://openalex.org/W2735042432","https://openalex.org/W2743073148","https://openalex.org/W2796516596","https://openalex.org/W2798657600","https://openalex.org/W2902383438","https://openalex.org/W4248429016","https://openalex.org/W4254095453","https://openalex.org/W6607544651","https://openalex.org/W6628430602","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6638021444","https://openalex.org/W6640723030","https://openalex.org/W6677055112","https://openalex.org/W6681892299","https://openalex.org/W6732133682","https://openalex.org/W6735918857","https://openalex.org/W6736076345","https://openalex.org/W6736340968","https://openalex.org/W6750569764","https://openalex.org/W6750631653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759","https://openalex.org/W2792081825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPU":[0,70,97],"acceleration":[1,71],"has":[2],"been":[3],"widely":[4],"investigated":[5],"for":[6,16,50,61,155],"packet":[7],"processing":[8,38,167],"in":[9,33,35,101,137],"virtual":[10],"network":[11],"functions":[12],"(NFs),":[13],"but":[14],"not":[15],"L7":[17,21,62,165],"flow-processing":[18],"NFs.":[19],"In":[20],"NFs,":[22],"reassembled":[23],"TCP":[24],"messages":[25],"of":[26,53,119,164,196,202],"the":[27,36,41,111,117,186,197,203],"same":[28,37],"flow":[29,83,166],"should":[30],"be":[31],"processed":[32],"order":[34],"thread,":[39],"and":[40,78,98,116,144,178,182,200],"uneven":[42],"sizes":[43],"among":[44],"flows":[45,106,120],"pose":[46],"a":[47,69,138,162],"major":[48],"challenge":[49],"full":[51],"realization":[52],"GPU's":[54],"parallel":[55],"computation":[56],"power.":[57],"To":[58],"exploit":[59],"GPUs":[60],"NF":[63,127,154],"processing,":[64],"this":[65],"paper":[66],"presents":[67],"FlowShader,":[68],"framework":[72],"to":[73,114,121,132,146,151,193],"achieve":[74],"both":[75,176],"high":[76],"generality":[77],"throughput":[79,187],"even":[80],"under":[81,175],"skewed":[82],"size":[84,112],"distributions.":[85],"We":[86,160],"carefully":[87],"design":[88],"an":[89,153],"efficient":[90],"scheduling":[91],"algorithm":[92],"that":[93,185,195],"fully":[94],"exploits":[95],"available":[96],"CPU":[99,115],"capacities;":[100],"particular,":[102],"we":[103],"dispatch":[104],"large":[105],"which":[107,140],"seriously":[108],"break":[109],"up":[110,192],"balance":[113],"rest":[118],"GPU.":[122,159],"Furthermore,":[123],"FlowShader":[124,190],"allows":[125],"similar":[126],"logic":[128],"(as":[129],"CPU-based":[130],"NFs)":[131],"run":[133],"on":[134,148,158,170],"individual":[135],"threads":[136],"GPU,":[139],"is":[141,191],"more":[142],"generalized":[143],"easy":[145],"take":[147],"as":[149],"compared":[150],"redesigning":[152],"operation":[156],"parallelism":[157],"implemented":[161],"number":[163],"NFs":[168],"based":[169],"FlowShader.":[171],"Evaluations":[172],"are":[173],"conducted":[174],"synthetic":[177],"real-world":[179],"traffic":[180],"traces":[181],"results":[183],"show":[184],"achieved":[188],"by":[189],"6x":[194],"CPU-only":[198],"baseline":[199],"3x":[201],"GPU-only":[204],"design.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}