{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006405321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","title":"A fast image spam filter based on ORB","display_name":"A fast image spam filter based on ORB","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006405321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","mag":"2006405321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061043627","display_name":"Yixin Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-7210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872372","display_name":"Bo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7924-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087772","display_name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of Chinar","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dh76","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626771","display_name":"Honggang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8287-6783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087772","display_name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of Chinar","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dh76","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103818589","display_name":"Hanbing Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087772","display_name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of Chinar","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dh76","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanbing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Computer network Emergency Response technical Team/Coordination Center of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Lab., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061043627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08360526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"503","last_page":"507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orb","display_name":"Orb (optics)","score":0.8629567623138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139989376068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6586962938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6262773275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6178524494171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5649858713150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5619987845420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5018706321716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4922124445438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.46896401047706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.46886804699897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.4561767280101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40168553590774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.0789424479007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07873031497001648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108260229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47023","display_name":"Orb (optics)","level":3,"score":0.8629567623138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139989376068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6586962938308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6262773275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6178524494171143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5649858713150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5619987845420837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5018706321716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4922124445438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.46896401047706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.46886804699897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4561767280101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40168553590774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0789424479007721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07873031497001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2012.6418804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 3rd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123634342","https://openalex.org/W327991062","https://openalex.org/W1491719799","https://openalex.org/W2095130919","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2128017662","https://openalex.org/W6604955867","https://openalex.org/W6629564929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W2767833206","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2045053268","https://openalex.org/W2433492094","https://openalex.org/W1556327589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"spam":[1,13,23,34,80],"has":[2],"become":[3],"a":[4,18,59,95],"new":[5,19],"obfuscating":[6],"method":[7,25,88],"to":[8,44,63],"bypass":[9],"conventional":[10],"text":[11],"based":[12,28],"filters.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"kind":[20],"of":[21,32],"image":[22,55,65,79],"filtering":[24],"is":[26,69],"proposed":[27,87],"on":[29,71],"the":[30,33,86],"characteristics":[31],"being":[35,41],"sent":[36],"repeatedly":[37],"and":[38,52,57,75],"their":[39],"contents":[40],"highly":[42],"resemble":[43],"each":[45],"other.":[46],"We":[47],"extract":[48],"sub-block":[49],"color":[50],"histogram":[51],"ORB":[53],"as":[54],"feature":[56],"run":[58],"scalable":[60],"vocabulary":[61],"tree":[62],"detect":[64],"spam.":[66],"The":[67],"system":[68],"tested":[70],"Mark":[72],"Dredze's":[73],"dataset":[74],"our":[76],"own":[77],"Chinese":[78],"corpus.":[81],"Experimental":[82],"results":[83],"demonstrate":[84],"that":[85],"can":[89],"achieve":[90],"good":[91],"accuracy":[92],"while":[93],"having":[94],"less":[96],"than":[97],"0.02%":[98],"false":[99],"positive":[100],"rate.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
