{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410341418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078","title":"Scalability of LEO Satellite Constellations with Static and Dynamic Topologies","display_name":"Scalability of LEO Satellite Constellations with Static and Dynamic Topologies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410341418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041714129","display_name":"R. Esswein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Esswein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011998339","display_name":"Quincy Bayer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quincy Bayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032220114","display_name":"Mai Abdelhakim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8442-0974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Abdelhakim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047900373","display_name":"Robert K. Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5837-6161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert K. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13056649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"551","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8228591680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7595148682594299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7540184259414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.7146698236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5624706149101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5488874316215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.5311269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46735644340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.4173874258995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3465687334537506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08394035696983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08362758159637451}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8228591680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7595148682594299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7540184259414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.7146698236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5624706149101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5488874316215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.5311269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46735644340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.4173874258995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3465687334537506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08394035696983337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08362758159637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnc64010.2025.10994078","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542080047","https://openalex.org/W2136451165","https://openalex.org/W2900729845","https://openalex.org/W2956241431","https://openalex.org/W2957338110","https://openalex.org/W2965590385","https://openalex.org/W2983079009","https://openalex.org/W2992876274","https://openalex.org/W3091347457","https://openalex.org/W4225274268","https://openalex.org/W4238090681","https://openalex.org/W4306147917","https://openalex.org/W4315630032","https://openalex.org/W4363673289","https://openalex.org/W4387872927","https://openalex.org/W6798968587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385787340","https://openalex.org/W2394459062","https://openalex.org/W2392670398","https://openalex.org/W4221033466","https://openalex.org/W4224313018","https://openalex.org/W2355913771","https://openalex.org/W2560673277","https://openalex.org/W4225291832","https://openalex.org/W3209202847","https://openalex.org/W4407479922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"Orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellite":[4,45,72,98,154,226,234],"constellations":[5,51],"are":[6,23],"becoming":[7],"key":[8],"enablers":[9],"for":[10,153,159,186],"connectivity":[11],"and":[12,27,33,84,127,145,147,223],"broadband":[13],"coverage,":[14],"specifically":[15],"in":[16,109,181,193],"underserved":[17],"or":[18],"hard-to-reach":[19],"areas.":[20],"LEO":[21,44,50,71,97,233],"satellites":[22,55,131,166,192],"cheaper":[24],"to":[25,56,113,174,210],"launch":[26],"build,":[28],"offer":[29],"lower":[30],"latency":[31],"communication,":[32],"can":[34],"be":[35],"replaced":[36],"more":[37,54,86,194],"easily":[38],"than":[39],"Geostationary":[40],"(GEO)":[41],"satellites.":[42],"However,":[43,185],"systems":[46],"face":[47],"several":[48],"challenges.":[49],"require":[52],"many":[53],"cover":[57],"the":[58,63,67,77,93,114,119,122,128,136,176,187,191,203,211,219,229,237,240],"earth,":[59,78],"necessitating":[60],"communication":[61],"throughout":[62],"constellation.":[64],"In":[65,88,200],"addition,":[66],"coverage":[68],"of":[69,96,121,124,130,163,178,221,225,232,239],"each":[70],"changes":[73],"as":[74],"it":[75],"orbits":[76,227],"unlike":[79],"GEO,":[80],"making":[81],"constellation":[82],"design":[83],"control":[85],"challenging.":[87],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"analyze":[92,140],"network":[94,137,230],"performance":[95,172,208,231],"constellations.":[99],"We":[100,117,139,156],"focus":[101],"on":[102,135,218,228],"propagation":[103],"delays,":[104],"a":[105,160,182],"major":[106],"delay":[107],"component":[108],"inter-satellite":[110],"communications":[111],"due":[112],"vast":[115],"distances.":[116],"examine":[118],"impact":[120,220],"number":[123,129,162,177],"orbital":[125,133,168,179,195],"planes":[126,180,196],"per":[132,167],"plane":[134,169],"performance.":[138,199],"two":[141,149],"different":[142,150],"topologies,":[143],"static":[144,183,212],"dynamic,":[146],"apply":[148],"routing":[151],"protocols":[152],"communications.":[155],"show":[157],"that,":[158],"fixed":[161],"satellites,":[164],"additional":[165],"achieves":[170],"superior":[171,207],"compared":[173,209],"increasing":[175],"topology.":[184,213,242],"dynamic":[188,204,241],"topology,":[189],"arranging":[190],"yields":[197],"better":[198],"any":[201],"general,":[202],"topology":[205],"has":[206],"This":[214],"paper":[215],"sheds":[216],"light":[217],"scalability":[222],"architecture":[224],"constellations,":[235],"highlighting":[236],"benefits":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}