{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389077572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995","title":"Adaptive Selection of BERT Layer for Multi-Label Text Classification","display_name":"Adaptive Selection of BERT Layer for Multi-Label Text Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389077572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619475","display_name":"Zhichao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349055","display_name":"Han Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7731-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017653751","display_name":"Qin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-7777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70181404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"434","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.8021609783172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7724215388298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6154404878616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5986179113388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.588263988494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5303618907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5256896018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.49542295932769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4947340190410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.47709518671035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.447353720664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4398629665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.32002803683280945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.8021609783172607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7724215388298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6154404878616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5986179113388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.588263988494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5303618907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5256896018981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.49542295932769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4947340190410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.47709518671035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.447353720664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4398629665374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.32002803683280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc58545.2023.10327995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2953185238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106147,62206179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6275353366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515010129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4593459","https://openalex.org/W1506025786","https://openalex.org/W1524416683","https://openalex.org/W1583061999","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2766642606","https://openalex.org/W2808861903","https://openalex.org/W2896155461","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3130451294","https://openalex.org/W3160901351","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4234187364","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6713582272","https://openalex.org/W6775270681","https://openalex.org/W6801930474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597655663","https://openalex.org/W2747895175","https://openalex.org/W2614669534","https://openalex.org/W2104406636","https://openalex.org/W2123014508","https://openalex.org/W2741028958","https://openalex.org/W2105512057","https://openalex.org/W4252625449","https://openalex.org/W3131201603","https://openalex.org/W2115788596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-label":[0],"text":[1,45,74,91,222],"classification":[2,46,104,115],"is":[3,13,55,117],"a":[4,56,113,132,172],"special":[5],"type":[6],"of":[7,26,64,68,80,103,144,192,207,212,220],"natural":[8],"language":[9,28],"processing":[10],"tasks,":[11],"which":[12],"more":[14],"complex":[15],"than":[16],"traditional":[17],"single-label":[18],"classification.":[19,75,223],"Moreover,":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,60,99,125,140,157,182],"the":[23,62,65,77,94,100,127,142,154,159,190,193,197,205,208,213,218],"key":[24],"strength":[25],"pre-trained":[27],"models":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,70,196],"BERT":[32,69],"in":[33,137,185,216],"feature":[34],"embedding":[35,72,83,146],"at":[36],"both":[37],"token":[38],"and":[39,151],"sentence":[40,71,82,145,160,173,199],"levels,":[41],"transfer":[42],"learning":[43],"driven":[44,135],"has":[47],"become":[48],"increasingly":[49],"popular.":[50],"In":[51,123],"this":[52,138],"context,":[53],"it":[54],"commonly":[57],"used":[58],"strategy":[59],"take":[61],"output":[63,158,191],"last":[66,194],"layer":[67,96,150,156,179,195,215],"for":[73,89,108,162],"However,":[76],"above-mentioned":[78,209],"way":[79,136],"obtaining":[81],"may":[84,105,180],"not":[85],"always":[86],"be":[87,106],"suitable":[88],"multi-label":[90,114,221],"classification,":[92],"i.e.,":[93],"best":[95,155,214],"that":[97,170],"leads":[98],"optimal":[101],"performance":[102,143,184,219],"varied":[107],"different":[109],"labels,":[110],"especially":[111],"when":[112],"task":[116],"transformed":[118],"into":[119],"several":[120],"binary":[121],"ones.":[122],"order":[124],"address":[126],"aforementioned":[128],"issue,":[129],"we":[130],"set":[131],"validation":[133],"data":[134],"paper":[139],"explore":[141],"obtained":[147,175],"from":[148,176],"each":[149,163],"adaptively":[152],"select":[153],"vector":[161,174],"specific":[164],"label.":[165],"The":[166,201],"experimental":[167],"results":[168,202],"show":[169],"using":[171],"an":[177],"intermediate":[178],"lead":[181],"better":[183],"comparison":[186],"with":[187],"simply":[188],"taking":[189],"adopted":[198],"embedding.":[200],"also":[203],"indicate":[204],"effectiveness":[206],"adaptive":[210],"selection":[211],"improving":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
