{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226182752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256","title":"An Improved ${k}$-Means Algorithm with Spatial Constraints for Image Segmentation","display_name":"An Improved ${k}$-Means Algorithm with Spatial Constraints for Image Segmentation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226182752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036566383","display_name":"Meng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101437928","display_name":"Eric C.C. Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-7273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric C.C. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103058864","display_name":"Yanting Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanting Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China,518060","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103263092","display_name":"Qingshuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4399-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingshuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macau University of Science and Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Taipa,Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43854998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5894345641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5770995020866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5695945620536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equidistant","display_name":"Equidistant","score":0.5639338493347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5636475086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5570079684257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5035552382469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.45329517126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3968086540699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30821263790130615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5894345641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5770995020866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5695945620536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158245278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386982","display_name":"Equidistant","level":2,"score":0.5639338493347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5636475086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5570079684257507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5035552382469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45329517126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3968086540699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30821263790130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc54886.2021.9737256","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3494580795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5620484217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M702259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2108859253","https://openalex.org/W2115242586","https://openalex.org/W2138156462","https://openalex.org/W2160198139","https://openalex.org/W2766070063","https://openalex.org/W2770487168","https://openalex.org/W2790729248","https://openalex.org/W2807390278","https://openalex.org/W3118643612","https://openalex.org/W3134939203","https://openalex.org/W6668990524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055230676","https://openalex.org/W2373708349","https://openalex.org/W2370379095","https://openalex.org/W2064284991","https://openalex.org/W2385837322","https://openalex.org/W2123581415","https://openalex.org/W2546071705","https://openalex.org/W2354382931","https://openalex.org/W2392576975","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The${k}$-means":[0],"is":[1,88,146],"sensitive":[2],"to":[3,18,27,34,48,75,90,120,157],"the":[4,14,19,24,29,50,59,66,84,103,121,133,138,143,150],"initial":[5,20,94],"center":[6,95],"and":[7,57,70,96,112,115],"noise":[8,53,97],"in":[9,54,98],"image":[10,55,99,159],"segmentation.":[11,100],"To":[12,101],"reduce":[13,49],"sensitivity":[15],"of":[16,32,46,52,61,105],"k-means":[17,47,71,79],"center,":[21],"we":[22,38,107,140,154],"use":[23],"equidistant":[25,67],"strategy":[26,69],"segment":[28],"cumulative":[30],"sum":[31],"histogram":[33],"initialize":[35],"centers.":[36],"Then":[37],"introduce":[39],"local":[40],"spatial":[41,73],"information":[42],"into":[43],"objective":[44],"function":[45],"impact":[51],"segmentation":[56,62,68],"improve":[58],"robustness":[60],"algorithm.":[63],"We":[64,124],"combine":[65],"with":[72,127],"constraints":[74],"propose":[76],"an":[77],"improved":[78],"algorithm":[80,145],"(I-${k}$-means_S).":[81],"I-${k}$-means_S":[82,126,156],"solves":[83],"problem":[85],"that":[86,142,164],"traditional${k}$-means":[87],"easy":[89],"be":[91],"affected":[92],"by":[93],"test":[102],"performance":[104],"I-${k}$-means,":[106],"create":[108],"two":[109,122,134],"synthetic":[110],"images":[111],"add":[113],"Gaussian":[114],"Salt":[116],"&":[117],"Pepper":[118],"noises":[119],"images.":[123,136],"compare":[125],"5":[128],"classical":[129],"cluster":[130],"algorithms":[131],"on":[132],"noisy":[135],"From":[137],"results,":[139],"know":[141],"proposed":[144],"more":[147],"robust":[148],"than":[149],"other":[151],"algorithms.":[152],"Meanwhile,":[153],"apply":[155],"natural":[158],"processing.":[160],"The":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"it":[165],"still":[166],"has":[167],"high":[168],"robustness.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}