{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179353328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","title":"Operating System Classification: A Minimalist Approach","display_name":"Operating System Classification: A Minimalist Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179353328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","mag":"3179353328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041926854","display_name":"Kyle Millar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KYLE MILLAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110551586","display_name":"Adriel Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ADRIEL CHENG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber and Electronic Warfare Division, Defence Science & Technology Group, Australia","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber and Electronic Warfare Division, Defence Science & Technology Group, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054116304","display_name":"Hong Gunn Chew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6525-574X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HONG GUNN CHEW","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023255651","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Chew Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHENG-CHEW LIM","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041926854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80294078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7648322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5848388075828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4808253049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-management","display_name":"Network management","score":0.45274338126182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4347188472747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4345032572746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4264237582683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-monitoring","display_name":"Network monitoring","score":0.41673731803894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3995693325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3806793689727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3335299491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.31619584560394287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648322582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5848388075828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4808253049850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4629313349723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129763632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454667","display_name":"Network management","level":2,"score":0.45274338126182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4347188472747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4345032572746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4264237582683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81877898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1965787","display_name":"Network monitoring","level":2,"score":0.41673731803894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3995693325996399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3806793689727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3335299491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.31619584560394287}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc51923.2020.9469571","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576185228","https://openalex.org/W1599904921","https://openalex.org/W2005422315","https://openalex.org/W2050239729","https://openalex.org/W2088674502","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2148705852","https://openalex.org/W2160409554","https://openalex.org/W2321888998","https://openalex.org/W2407862841","https://openalex.org/W2730209706","https://openalex.org/W2738820279","https://openalex.org/W2962944260","https://openalex.org/W3035434752","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634619446","https://openalex.org/W6635588883","https://openalex.org/W6682303370","https://openalex.org/W6700698172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378302710","https://openalex.org/W2380400043","https://openalex.org/W3203987790","https://openalex.org/W4205316883","https://openalex.org/W4210976393","https://openalex.org/W2394469871","https://openalex.org/W3181805982","https://openalex.org/W2366933082","https://openalex.org/W1979528400","https://openalex.org/W2384259795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operating":[0],"system":[1],"(OS)":[2],"classification":[3,79],"is":[4,82],"of":[5,17,27,55,116,133,140,169,192,205],"growing":[6],"importance":[7],"to":[8,30,38,46,74,84,107,112,195],"network":[9,21,91],"administrators":[10],"and":[11,53,86,163,185],"cybersecurity":[12],"analysts":[13],"alike.":[14],"The":[15],"composition":[16],"OSs":[18,56,180],"on":[19,89,143],"a":[20,24,43,108,117,144],"allows":[22],"for":[23,124],"better":[25],"quality":[26],"device":[28,118,127],"management":[29,65],"be":[31,36,102],"achieved.":[32],"Additionally,":[33],"it":[34],"can":[35,101,155],"used":[37,103],"identify":[39],"devices":[40,142],"that":[41,57,81],"pose":[42],"security":[44],"risk":[45],"the":[47,50,114,121,126,131,190,203],"network.":[48,148],"However,":[49],"sheer":[51],"number":[52],"diversity":[54],"comprise":[58],"modern":[59],"networks":[60],"have":[61],"vastly":[62],"increased":[63],"this":[64,174],"complexity.":[66],"We":[67],"leverage":[68],"insights":[69],"from":[70],"social":[71],"networking":[72],"theory":[73],"provide":[75],"an":[76,98,105,137,167,197],"encryption-invariant":[77],"OS":[78,115,158,183],"technique":[80],"quick":[83],"train":[85],"widely":[87],"deployable":[88],"various":[90],"configurations.":[92],"In":[93,149],"particular,":[94,150],"we":[95,151,172],"show":[96,152],"how":[97],"affiliation":[99],"graph":[100],"as":[104],"input":[106],"machine":[109],"learning":[110],"classifier":[111],"predict":[113],"using":[119],"only":[120],"IP":[122],"addresses":[123],"which":[125],"communicates":[128],"with.We":[129],"examine":[130],"effectiveness":[132,204],"our":[134,153,206],"approach":[135,207],"through":[136],"empirical":[138],"analysis":[139],"498":[141],"university":[145],"campus'":[146],"wireless":[147],"methodology":[154],"classify":[156],"different":[157],"families":[159],"(i.e.,":[160],"Apple,":[161],"Windows,":[162],"Android":[164],"OSs)":[165],"with":[166],"accuracy":[168],"99.3%.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"extend":[173],"study":[175],"by:":[176],"1)":[177],"examining":[178],"distinct":[179],"(e.g.,":[181],"iOS,":[182],"X,":[184],"Windows":[186],"10);":[187],"2)":[188],"investigating":[189],"interval":[191],"time":[193],"required":[194],"make":[196],"accurate":[198],"prediction;":[199],"and,":[200],"3)":[201],"determining":[202],"after":[208],"six":[209],"months.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
