{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883171122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","title":"Improving Imbalanced Question Classification Using Structured Smote Based Approach","display_name":"Improving Imbalanced Question Classification Using Structured Smote Based Approach","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883171122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","mag":"2883171122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/improving-imbalanced-question-classification-using-structured-smote-based-approach(1a57b209-e00a-4e4a-bcf7-25801d5e99f2).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014464350","display_name":"Alaa Mohasseb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-2199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ALAA MOHASSEB","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Portsmouth"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Portsmouth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004388109","display_name":"Mohamed Bader\u2013El\u2013Den","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHAMED BADER-El-DEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Portsmouth"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Portsmouth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109060474","display_name":"Mihaela Cocea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","display_name":"University of Portsmouth","ror":"https://ror.org/03ykbk197","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MIHAELA COCEA","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Portsmouth"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Portsmouth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100349055","display_name":"Han Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7731-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HAN LIU","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9054,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79939789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"593","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7834135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.668720543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6470852494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6447776556015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-class-classification","display_name":"One-class classification","score":0.5851481556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.5271220803260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4843117296695709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42617279291152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.33960238099098206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7834135890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.668720543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6470852494239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6447776556015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34872919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7092302","display_name":"One-class classification","level":3,"score":0.5851481556892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.5271220803260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4843117296695709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42617279291152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.33960238099098206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2018.8527028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:112927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/1a57b209-e00a-4e4a-bcf7-25801d5e99f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.icmlc.com/","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/improving-imbalanced-question-classification-using-structured-smote-based-approach(1a57b209-e00a-4e4a-bcf7-25801d5e99f2).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchportal.port.ac.uk:publications/1a57b209-e00a-4e4a-bcf7-25801d5e99f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.icmlc.com/","pdf_url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/improving-imbalanced-question-classification-using-structured-smote-based-approach(1a57b209-e00a-4e4a-bcf7-25801d5e99f2).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401774","display_name":"Portsmouth Research Portal (University of Portsmouth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63072094","host_organization_name":"University of Portsmouth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63072094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883171122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883171122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563938718","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W1975574179","https://openalex.org/W2019307700","https://openalex.org/W2066818105","https://openalex.org/W2083508718","https://openalex.org/W2086004682","https://openalex.org/W2117540369","https://openalex.org/W2145465051","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2150088099","https://openalex.org/W2274897571","https://openalex.org/W2320227961","https://openalex.org/W2345575339","https://openalex.org/W2354826874","https://openalex.org/W2401408589","https://openalex.org/W2421521595","https://openalex.org/W2521504039","https://openalex.org/W2597742818","https://openalex.org/W2727027761","https://openalex.org/W2744982559","https://openalex.org/W2769852870","https://openalex.org/W2805975048","https://openalex.org/W2954340168","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6694682920","https://openalex.org/W6717862154","https://openalex.org/W6727156235","https://openalex.org/W6764799561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561370360","https://openalex.org/W2614183994","https://openalex.org/W2377182625","https://openalex.org/W4292814203","https://openalex.org/W2903578902","https://openalex.org/W2171206798","https://openalex.org/W2116045975","https://openalex.org/W2565151897","https://openalex.org/W2000537656","https://openalex.org/W4281776617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Questions":[0],"Classification":[1],"(QC)":[2],"is":[3,79],"one":[4],"of":[5,33,38,74,109],"the":[6,31,62,84,102],"most":[7],"popular":[8],"text":[9],"classification":[10,25,37],"applications.":[11],"QC":[12,27],"plays":[13],"an":[14],"important":[15],"role":[16],"in":[17,22,46,111],"question-answering":[18],"systems.":[19],"However,":[20],"as":[21],"many":[23],"real-world":[24],"problems,":[26],"may":[28],"suffer":[29],"from":[30],"problem":[32,45],"class":[34,63,118],"imbalance.":[35,119],"The":[36,76],"imbalanced":[39],"data":[40,50],"has":[41],"been":[42],"a":[43,57,66,106],"key":[44],"machine":[47,92],"learning":[48,93],"and":[49,90,116],"mining.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"propose":[56],"framework":[58,78,104],"that":[59,101],"deals":[60],"with":[61],"imbalance":[64],"using":[65,83,91],"hierarchical":[67],"SMOTE":[68],"algorithm":[69],"for":[70,87],"balancing":[71],"different":[72,113],"types":[73,115],"questions.":[75],"proposed":[77,103],"grammar-based,":[80],"which":[81],"involves":[82],"grammatical":[85],"pattern":[86],"each":[88],"question":[89,114],"algorithms":[94],"to":[95],"classify":[96],"them.":[97],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"imply":[100],"demonstrates":[105],"good":[107],"level":[108],"accuracy":[110],"identifying":[112],"handling":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}