{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146530757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","title":"Electrocardiogram signal processing for baseline noise removal using blind source separation techniques: A comparative analysis","display_name":"Electrocardiogram signal processing for baseline noise removal using blind source separation techniques: A comparative analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146530757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","mag":"2146530757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077429244","display_name":"Akram Rashid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akram Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University , Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University , Sector E-9, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043165262","display_name":"Zahooruddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahooruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, CIIT Wah Cantt, Pakistan","[Department of Electrical Engineering, CIIT, Wah Cantt, Pakistan]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, CIIT Wah Cantt, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical Engineering, CIIT, Wah Cantt, Pakistan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032487942","display_name":"Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ijaz Mansoor Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Sectro E-9 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Sectro E-9 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107677840","display_name":"Aamer Saleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-2076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamer Saleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Sectro E-9 Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineer, Air University, Sectro E-9 Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077429244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2249,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80471089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1756","last_page":"1761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6446805000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fastica","display_name":"FastICA","score":0.617819607257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5593142509460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.5561241507530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-filter","display_name":"Median filter","score":0.49780821800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4507645070552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4477244019508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.44664934277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.42401087284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.41747811436653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40910184383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39467957615852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34751269221305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.3271804451942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32538720965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12462306022644043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6446805000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157709420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3739974","display_name":"FastICA","level":4,"score":0.617819607257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5593142509460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5561241507530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304247","display_name":"Median filter","level":4,"score":0.49780821800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4507645070552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4477244019508362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.44664934277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.42401087284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.41747811436653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40910184383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39467957615852356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34751269221305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.3271804451942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32538720965385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12462306022644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480340445","https://openalex.org/W1491220419","https://openalex.org/W1762709062","https://openalex.org/W2108852931","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2145624369","https://openalex.org/W2162596018","https://openalex.org/W3150601195","https://openalex.org/W6681297334","https://openalex.org/W6684047908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046761971","https://openalex.org/W2103029460","https://openalex.org/W2393502243","https://openalex.org/W2548965393","https://openalex.org/W915513920","https://openalex.org/W2356479045","https://openalex.org/W2156523068","https://openalex.org/W1485777917","https://openalex.org/W1967276093","https://openalex.org/W1971135983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"processing":[1],"of":[2,10,19,41,65,78,89,105,135,138,145,156,175,183,192],"Electrocardiogram":[3],"(ECG)":[4],"signal":[5,14,67,80,141],"is":[6,22,54,75],"a":[7,55,76,83,126,189],"major":[8],"goal":[9],"this":[11,106,149,172],"paper.":[12],"ECG":[13,66,79],"measured":[15],"from":[16],"the":[17,62,70,131,139,154,181],"surface":[18],"human":[20],"body":[21,50],"badly":[23],"effected":[24],"by":[25,108],"different":[26,109,143],"noises":[27],"like":[28,111],"power":[29],"line":[30],"noise,":[31,33],"muscle":[32],"lung":[34],"noise":[35,43,53,107,203],"baseline":[36,42,92,146,202],"noise.":[37,173,187],"The":[38],"main":[39],"causes":[40],"are":[44],"breathing,":[45],"lose":[46],"sensor":[47],"contact":[48],"and":[49,91,129,163,197],"movements.":[51],"Baseline":[52,59],"low":[56,71],"frequency":[57,72],"signal.":[58],"will":[60],"disturb":[61],"whole":[63],"cycle":[64],"but":[68],"mainly":[69],"part.":[73],"T-wave":[74],"part":[77],"related":[81],"to":[82],"phenomenon":[84],"associated":[85],"with":[86],"increased":[87],"risk":[88],"death":[90],"wandering":[93],"may":[94],"prevent":[95],"its":[96],"correct":[97],"detection.":[98],"Different":[99],"algorithm":[100,124,161,169],"were":[101,177,199],"applied":[102],"for":[103,142,170,201],"removal":[104],"researchers":[110],"Kalman":[112],"filter,":[113],"Cubic":[114],"spline,":[115],"Moving":[116],"average.":[117],"We":[118],"apply":[119],"projection":[120,157],"pursuit":[121,158],"gradient":[122,159],"ascent":[123,160],"in":[125,133,180],"previous":[127],"paper":[128,150],"observe":[130],"results":[132,155,198],"term":[134],"standard":[136],"deviation":[137],"error":[140],"types":[144],"noises.":[147],"In":[148],"I":[151],"am":[152],"comparing":[153],"(PPGAA)":[162],"Independent":[164],"Component":[165],"Analysis":[166],"(ICA)":[167],"FASTICA":[168,176],"removing":[171],"Results":[174],"also":[178],"analyzed":[179],"presence":[182],"32db":[184],"additive":[185],"Gaussian":[186],"Then":[188],"comparative":[190],"study":[191],"these":[193],"algorithms":[194],"was":[195],"done":[196],"compared":[200],"removal.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
