{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122413790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","title":"Semi-supervised biomedical relation classification using generalized expectation criteria","display_name":"Semi-supervised biomedical relation classification using generalized expectation criteria","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122413790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","mag":"2122413790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033705258","display_name":"Chengjie Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9081-1410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Jie Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000732066","display_name":"Lin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-7280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048326379","display_name":"Lei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-8565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083179738","display_name":"Xuejun Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue-Jun Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Electronics Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424254","display_name":"Xiaolong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Long Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China, )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20737451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1949","last_page":"1952"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7228444814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7006106376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6986227035522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6487900018692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.6133812665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.597830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5233299732208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.5221350789070129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.506287693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5012784004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4410947859287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3585241436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32354915142059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15983065962791443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7228444814682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7006106376647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6986227035522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6487900018692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6133812665939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.597830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5233299732208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.5221350789070129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.506287693977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5012784004211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4410947859287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3585241436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32354915142059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15983065962791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2011.6016953","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558318887","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1990343723","https://openalex.org/W2036935277","https://openalex.org/W2083225388","https://openalex.org/W2110279753","https://openalex.org/W2125327503","https://openalex.org/W2134134392","https://openalex.org/W2145453687","https://openalex.org/W2165968176","https://openalex.org/W2186188534","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W6633537095","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6680156883","https://openalex.org/W6681250185","https://openalex.org/W6686796755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312414840","https://openalex.org/W2794908468","https://openalex.org/W4206276646","https://openalex.org/W2943467239","https://openalex.org/W1571801203","https://openalex.org/W101422005","https://openalex.org/W192740413","https://openalex.org/W3004135598","https://openalex.org/W2952937263","https://openalex.org/W2168489430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semi-supervised":[0],"learning":[1,10,26],"is":[2],"necessary":[3],"for":[4,92],"the":[5,20,33,55,66,73,90,98,104],"extensive":[6],"application":[7],"of":[8,22,59,80,106],"machine":[9,25],"in":[11,63],"practice.":[12],"It":[13],"can":[14,44,77,101],"use":[15],"unlabeled":[16,112],"data":[17,75,113],"to":[18,50,71,88],"improve":[19,103],"performance":[21,105],"existing":[23],"supervised":[24],"method.":[27],"In":[28,54],"this":[29],"work,":[30],"we":[31],"addressed":[32],"biomedical":[34,107],"relation":[35,108],"classification":[36,109],"problem":[37],"by":[38,114],"utilizing":[39],"a":[40],"semi-supervised":[41],"method":[42,100],"which":[43,76],"train":[45],"Maximum":[46],"Entropy":[47],"models":[48],"according":[49],"Generalized":[51],"Expectation":[52],"criteria.":[53],"proposed":[56,99],"method,":[57],"instead":[58],"\"instance":[60],"labeling\"":[61,68],"used":[62],"previous":[64],"works,":[65],"\"feature":[67],"was":[69,86],"applied":[70],"get":[72],"training":[74],"save":[78],"lots":[79],"labeling":[81],"time.":[82],"A":[83],"topic":[84],"model":[85],"involved":[87],"choose":[89],"features":[91],"labeling.":[93,116],"Experiment":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97],"dramatically":[102],"through":[110],"incorporating":[111],"feature":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
