{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033436614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","title":"Improvement on LEACH by combining Adaptive Cluster Head Election and Two-hop transmission","display_name":"Improvement on LEACH by combining Adaptive Cluster Head Election and Two-hop transmission","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033436614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","mag":"2033436614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112970176","display_name":"Liqing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-302X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li-Qing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562214","display_name":"Yi Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069056157","display_name":"Chenhui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Hui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069125529","display_name":"Zhengwei Jing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Wei Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xia Men 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112970176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.90216555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97948775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1678","last_page":"1683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7352310419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7078429460525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6261114478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6247698664665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5709958672523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5513031482696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5321300029754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.5165926218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.463661253452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41876956820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36250802874565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.2743675112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1783124804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1426185965538025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7352310419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7078429460525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6261114478111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6247698664665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5709958672523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5513031482696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5321300029754639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5165926218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.463661253452301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41876956820487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36250802874565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.2743675112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1783124804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1426185965538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501500081","https://openalex.org/W1965703925","https://openalex.org/W2061376091","https://openalex.org/W2085448928","https://openalex.org/W2101267669","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2108777122","https://openalex.org/W2109036751","https://openalex.org/W2372637152","https://openalex.org/W4367667420","https://openalex.org/W6665812945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117210722","https://openalex.org/W2589759689","https://openalex.org/W1978191894","https://openalex.org/W2018045843","https://openalex.org/W3125668480","https://openalex.org/W2032875422","https://openalex.org/W1999406711","https://openalex.org/W1989661137","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W2545824446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LEACH":[0,23,77,88,219],"is":[1,149,162],"a":[2,222],"popular":[3],"hierarchical":[4],"routing":[5,225],"protocol":[6,78],"which":[7],"efficiently":[8],"maintains":[9],"the":[10,39,45,60,70,82,120,123,133,142,152,155,165,169,175,179,183,190],"energy":[11,40,55,158],"storage":[12],"of":[13,31,42,48,62,84,94,205],"nodes":[14,21,114,117,127,135],"in":[15,34,159,178,203],"Wireless":[16],"Sensor":[17],"Network":[18],"(WSN).":[19],"The":[20,28,125,146,192],"using":[22,90],"are":[24,110,136],"divided":[25,137],"into":[26,138],"clusters.":[27],"randomized":[29],"rotation":[30],"cluster":[32,36,49,95,103,131,147,161,171,176],"head":[33,96,148,177],"each":[35,160],"can":[37,210],"save":[38],"consumption":[41],"nodes.":[43],"However,":[44],"random":[46],"election":[47,97],"heads":[50,104,172],"without":[51],"considering":[52],"nodes'":[53],"residual":[54,157],"may":[56,173],"reduce":[57],"and":[58,75,98,105,151,220],"oscillate":[59],"lifespan":[61,83,217],"network.":[63,85],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"have":[68,195],"proposed":[69],"Adaptive":[71],"Cluster":[72],"Head":[73],"Election":[74],"Two-hop":[76],"(ACHTH-LEACH)":[79],"to":[80,119,122,129,189],"prolong":[81],"It":[86],"improves":[87],"by":[89,141],"an":[91],"adaptive":[92],"algorithm":[93],"allowing":[99],"multi-top":[100],"transmission":[101,167],"among":[102],"Base":[106],"Station":[107],"(BS).":[108],"Nodes":[109],"tagged":[111],"as":[112,182],"near":[113,126,180],"or":[115,186],"far":[116,134,170],"according":[118],"distances":[121],"BS.":[124,191],"belong":[128],"one":[130],"while":[132],"different":[139],"clusters":[140],"Greedy":[143],"K-means":[144],"algorithm.":[145],"shifted":[150],"node":[153],"with":[154],"maximal":[156],"elected.":[163],"During":[164],"data":[166],"phase,":[168],"select":[174],"area":[181],"next":[184],"hop":[185],"communicate":[187],"directly":[188],"simulation":[193],"results":[194],"shown":[196],"that":[197],"ACHTH-LEACH":[198,209],"outperforms":[199],"several":[200],"existing":[201],"protocols":[202],"terms":[204],"network's":[206],"lifespan.":[207],"Especially,":[208],"achieve":[211],"more":[212,223],"than":[213,218],"2":[214],"times":[215],"longer":[216],"build":[221],"stable":[224],"environment.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-02-13T15:27:49.765798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}