{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151469932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092","title":"Comparative Analysis of Defense Approaches against Adversarial Attacks on Remote Sensing Applications","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Defense Approaches against Adversarial Attacks on Remote Sensing Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151469932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107958918","display_name":"Sanjaykrishnan Ravikumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjaykrishnan Ravikumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118995732","display_name":"Ravi Kumar Rogannagari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Kumar Rogannagari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000541052","display_name":"Md Jahirul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Jahirul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000079402","display_name":"Kazi Aminul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-0858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172980758","display_name":"Kennesaw State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jeqjx33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazi Aminul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kennesaw State University,Department of Computer Science,Marietta,Georgia,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107958918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172980758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87287991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"639","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing-application","display_name":"Remote sensing application","score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.23190000653266907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.23190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987528665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854845","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","level":3,"score":0.2003999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.1979999989271164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19280000030994415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmla66185.2025.00092","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2963229629","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3046550781","https://openalex.org/W3162712668","https://openalex.org/W3212790025","https://openalex.org/W4214833808","https://openalex.org/W4316660635","https://openalex.org/W4388495445","https://openalex.org/W4399975850","https://openalex.org/W4408146144","https://openalex.org/W4412446562","https://openalex.org/W7133225616"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,22],"based":[2],"models":[3,23],"are":[4,24],"utilized":[5],"in":[6,208,226],"remote":[7,227],"sensing":[8,228],"systems":[9,229],"to":[10,26,109,144,174],"interpret":[11],"satellite":[12,52],"imagery,":[13],"classify":[14],"land,":[15],"and":[16,78,84,97,164],"monitor":[17],"objects.":[18],"However,":[19],"these":[20],"deep":[21],"vulnerable":[25],"adversarial":[27,42,72,101,105,231],"attacks\u2014small":[28],"input":[29,79,90],"perturbations":[30],"that":[31],"can":[32],"cause":[33],"critical":[34],"misclassifications.":[35],"This":[36],"work":[37],"explores":[38],"the":[39,128,186,190,200,214],"impact":[40],"of":[41,64,137,150,171,197,204,218],"attacks,":[43],"e.g.,":[44,54],"Fast":[45],"Gradient":[46,70],"Sign":[47],"Method":[48],"(FGSM)":[49],"attack,":[50,161],"on":[51],"images,":[53],"UC-Merced":[55],"Land":[56],"Use":[57],"Dataset.":[58],"We":[59,87,103,152],"perform":[60],"a":[61,135,147],"comparative":[62],"study":[63],"existing":[65],"defense":[66,93],"strategies,":[67],"including":[68],"Projected":[69],"Descent-based":[71],"training,":[73],"gradient":[74,132],"masking,":[75],"detection-based":[76],"classifiers,":[77],"transformations":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82],"Gaussian":[83,96,117],"Median":[85,98,124],"filtering.":[86],"propose":[88],"an":[89,155,166,195],"transformation-based":[91],"dual-stage":[92],"method":[94],"combining":[95],"filtering":[99,118,125],"against":[100,230],"attacks.":[102,232],"improved":[104],"testing":[106],"accuracy":[107,115,149],"(ATA)":[108],"66.90%":[110],"while":[111],"maintaining":[112],"75.00%":[113],"clean":[114,148],"using":[116],"(\u03c3":[119],"=":[120,178],"2)":[121],"with":[122,146,194],"5\u00d75":[123],"without":[126],"fine-tuning":[127],"underlying":[129],"model.":[130],"Additionally,":[131],"masking":[133],"(with":[134],"noise":[136],"0.10)":[138],"also":[139,153],"boosted":[140],"robustness,":[141],"increasing":[142],"ATA":[143],"54.05%":[145],"75.24%.":[151],"apply":[154],"effective":[156,193],"ensemble":[157,206],"surrogate":[158],"models-based":[159],"black-box":[160,209],"iterative":[162],"FGSM,":[163],"achieved":[165],"attack":[167,191],"success":[168],"rate":[169],"(ASR)":[170],"60.00%":[172],"compared":[173],"traditional":[175],"FGSM":[176],"(ASR":[177],"49.29%),":[179],"demonstrating":[180],"stronger":[181],"transferability.":[182],"Even":[183],"after":[184],"applying":[185],"combined":[187],"filter":[188],"defense,":[189,220],"remained":[192],"ASR":[196],"56.62%,":[198],"highlighting":[199],"robustness":[201,225],"&":[202,216],"practicality":[203],"multi-step":[205],"attacks":[207],"settings.":[210],"Our":[211],"findings":[212],"reveal":[213],"strengths":[215],"trade-offs":[217],"each":[219],"providing":[221],"insights":[222],"for":[223],"enhancing":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T06:08:40.794217","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
