{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011533601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","title":"An effective neutrosophic set-based preprocessing method for face recognition","display_name":"An effective neutrosophic set-based preprocessing method for face recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011533601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","mag":"2011533601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041720760","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Faraji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Faraji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626347","display_name":"Xiaojun Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4034-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041720760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85927885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.9595999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7529816627502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7482084035873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7437702417373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.738975465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.6741881370544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6423996090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6362952589988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5960605144500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5443708896636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.518821656703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48708343505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.4611049294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17017590999603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11663293838500977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7529816627502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7482084035873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7437702417373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738975465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6741881370544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6423996090888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6362952589988708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5960605144500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5443708896636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.518821656703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48708343505859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.4611049294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4160916209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17017590999603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11663293838500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2013.6618251","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops (ICMEW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.405.8343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.405.8343","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/NeutrosophicPreprocessing.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.644.7866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.644.7866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://vixra.org/pdf/1309.0129v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1273809832","https://openalex.org/W2060175823","https://openalex.org/W2067809457","https://openalex.org/W2069165391","https://openalex.org/W2097915737","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2142007564","https://openalex.org/W4243154030","https://openalex.org/W6681037458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141981133","https://openalex.org/W2386228546","https://openalex.org/W2086055175","https://openalex.org/W2365801610","https://openalex.org/W2388048830","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2016459271","https://openalex.org/W2566759662","https://openalex.org/W2788610776","https://openalex.org/W3145966574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1],"(FR)":[2],"is":[3,92],"a":[4,24],"challenging":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,39],"biometrics":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,22,31,73,99,115],"various":[11],"illuminations,":[12],"poses,":[13],"and":[14,35,48,84],"possible":[15],"noises.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"paper,":[19],"we":[20],"propose":[21],"apply":[23],"novel":[25],"neutrosophic":[26],"set":[27],"(NS)-based":[28],"preprocesssing":[29],"method":[30,91],"simultaneously":[32],"remove":[33],"noise":[34],"enhance":[36],"facial":[37],"features":[38],"original":[40],"face":[41],"images.":[42],"We":[43],"then":[44],"employ":[45],"the":[46,62,69,88],"Tan":[47],"Triggs":[49],"(TT)":[50],"discriminant":[51,58],"method,":[52],"which":[53],"applies":[54],"kernel":[55],"fisher":[56],"linear":[57,63],"analysis":[59],"(KFDA)":[60],"on":[61,68,80],"ternary":[64],"pattern":[65],"(LTP)":[66],"features,":[67],"NS-based":[70],"preprocessed":[71],"images":[72],"further":[74,116],"improve":[75,100,117],"FR":[76,101,118],"accuracy.":[77,119],"Our":[78],"experiments":[79],"two":[81],"databases":[82],"(ORL":[83],"FEI)":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"NSbased":[89],"preprocessing":[90,97,113],"more":[93],"effective":[94],"than":[95],"other":[96,112],"methods":[98,114],"accuracy":[102],"of":[103],"discriminative":[104],"methods.":[105],"It":[106],"can":[107],"also":[108],"be":[109],"integrated":[110],"with":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}