{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136352375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","title":"Equilibrium and dynamic behavior of micro flows under electrically induced surface tension actuation forces","display_name":"Equilibrium and dynamic behavior of micro flows under electrically induced surface tension actuation forces","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136352375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","mag":"2136352375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084318935","display_name":"N. Fortner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Fortner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, USA","[Dept. of Aerosp. Eng., Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Aerosp. Eng., Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111467605","display_name":"B. Shapiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, USA","[Dept. of Aerosp. Eng., Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Aerosp. Eng., Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084318935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81643985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-tension","display_name":"Surface tension","score":0.7608789205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.7027269005775452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluidics","display_name":"Fluidics","score":0.6317405104637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-angle","display_name":"Contact angle","score":0.5772156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.5746999382972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5647017359733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-force","display_name":"Surface force","score":0.5195215344429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.4851315915584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.46571066975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrohydrodynamics","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics","score":0.44234219193458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.33944281935691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20764070749282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16691049933433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.15218931436538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.13297149538993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.12244027853012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1065412163734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09913316369056702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8892853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749","display_name":"Surface tension","level":2,"score":0.7608789205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.7027269005775452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185571","display_name":"Fluidics","level":2,"score":0.6317405104637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6556556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899239","display_name":"Contact angle","level":2,"score":0.5772156715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.5746999382972717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5647017359733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151827568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009590","display_name":"Surface force","level":2,"score":0.5195215344429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.4851315915584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.46571066975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95238685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326902","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.44234219193458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.33944281935691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20764070749282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16691049933433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15218931436538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.13297149538993835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.12244027853012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1065412163734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09913316369056702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icmens.2003.1221992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings International Conference on MEMS, NANO and Smart Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513925740","https://openalex.org/W1964165072","https://openalex.org/W1991113069","https://openalex.org/W2003295114","https://openalex.org/W2015528962","https://openalex.org/W2016305078","https://openalex.org/W2018855824","https://openalex.org/W2056528953","https://openalex.org/W2121773585","https://openalex.org/W2165257424","https://openalex.org/W2166910998","https://openalex.org/W2170934772","https://openalex.org/W4254056711","https://openalex.org/W6677956274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969149333","https://openalex.org/W2001425903","https://openalex.org/W2156027670","https://openalex.org/W4230304400","https://openalex.org/W2128059805","https://openalex.org/W1975066854","https://openalex.org/W2381014188","https://openalex.org/W1982593690","https://openalex.org/W1549029761","https://openalex.org/W2033424888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,32],"possible":[2],"to":[3,46,68,76],"move,":[4],"split,":[5],"merge,":[6],"and":[7,58,116,146],"mix":[8],"liquids":[9],"in":[10,61,123,138],"micro":[11],"fluidic":[12],"devices":[13],"by":[14,35],"applying":[15],"spatially":[16],"varying":[17],"electric":[18],"fields":[19],"that":[20],"effectively":[21],"change":[22],"the":[23,44,62,70,92,110,118,124,128,131,140,143,154],"surface":[24,39],"tension":[25,40],"at":[26],"specific":[27],"spatial":[28],"locations.":[29],"The":[30],"phenomena":[31],"brought":[33],"about":[34],"a":[36,55,101],"competition":[37],"between":[38],"effects":[41],"(that":[42],"cause":[43],"droplet":[45],"bead":[47],"up":[48],"because":[49],"it":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"placed":[53],"on":[54],"hydrophobic":[56],"surface)":[57],"electrical":[59],"forces":[60],"underlying":[63],"solid":[64],"dielectric":[65],"(which":[66],"attempt":[67],"enlarge":[69],"liquid/solid":[71],"contact":[72,113],"area":[73],"so":[74],"as":[75],"relieve":[77],"electro":[78],"static":[79],"forces).":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82,107],"paper":[83,132],"we":[84,121,133],"primarily":[85],"present":[86],"an":[87],"energy":[88],"minimization":[89],"model":[90,108],"for":[91],"equilibrium":[93],"shape":[94],"of":[95,104,112,130,142,153],"electrically":[96,160],"actuated":[97,161],"droplets.":[98,148],"By":[99],"including":[100],"realistic":[102],"amount":[103],"liquid":[105],"resistance,":[106],"captures":[109],"effect":[111],"angle":[114],"saturation":[115],"predicts":[117],"experiment":[119],"data":[120],"observe":[122],"UCLA":[125],"devices.":[126],"At":[127],"close":[129],"also":[134],"outline":[135],"our":[136],"results":[137],"modeling":[139,152],"dynamics":[141,158],"moving,":[144],"splitting,":[145],"merging":[147],"This":[149],"part":[150],"includes":[151],"2-phase":[155],"low-Reynolds":[156],"fluid":[157],"with":[159],"boundary":[162],"conditions.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}