{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169734547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","title":"Invertible Color-to-Grayscale Conversion by Using Clustering and Reversible Watermarking","display_name":"Invertible Color-to-Grayscale Conversion by Using Clustering and Reversible Watermarking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169734547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","mag":"3169734547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052009194","display_name":"Qiaoyi Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoyi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050720749","display_name":"Runwen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006519424","display_name":"Shijun Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-7057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijun Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan University,School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology/School of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052009194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67694444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.9237703084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7507794499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.7306413650512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6801018714904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palette","display_name":"Palette (painting)","score":0.6704275012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.623216986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5179685354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-quantization","display_name":"Color quantization","score":0.4996917247772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-histogram","display_name":"Color histogram","score":0.4840814173221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-color","display_name":"High color","score":0.4689359664916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.41544926166534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3953142762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2853422164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.22051647305488586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.9237703084945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7507794499397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.7306413650512695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6801018714904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425548","display_name":"Palette (painting)","level":2,"score":0.6704275012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.623216986656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5179685354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173752661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396414","display_name":"Color quantization","level":5,"score":0.4996917247772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12043971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2636542","display_name":"Color histogram","level":5,"score":0.4840814173221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131910990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1202284","display_name":"High color","level":5,"score":0.4689359664916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.41544926166534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3953142762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2853422164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.22051647305488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme51207.2021.9428464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964859077","https://openalex.org/W1983798429","https://openalex.org/W1989744401","https://openalex.org/W1995640547","https://openalex.org/W2034717037","https://openalex.org/W2073228495","https://openalex.org/W2106950225","https://openalex.org/W2111563428","https://openalex.org/W2115286277","https://openalex.org/W2121576594","https://openalex.org/W2125123240","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2150951277","https://openalex.org/W2562072950","https://openalex.org/W2969948841","https://openalex.org/W3011344294","https://openalex.org/W3130446996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2809734899","https://openalex.org/W2539489883","https://openalex.org/W2171351502","https://openalex.org/W1981206111","https://openalex.org/W1806074025","https://openalex.org/W2014997041","https://openalex.org/W3142745924","https://openalex.org/W2102981950","https://openalex.org/W2135867046","https://openalex.org/W2386200251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Invertible":[0],"color-to-grayscale":[1],"conversion":[2],"is":[3,76],"a":[4,42,55],"method":[5,35,119],"that":[6,116],"embeds":[7],"the":[8,12,18,23,61,65,73,81,85,88,92,95,103,117],"color":[9,19,24,43,62,93,96],"information":[10,20,83],"into":[11,64],"corresponding":[13,47],"grayscale":[14,48,66,74,104],"image":[15,25,75,105],"and":[16,45,50,102],"extracts":[17],"to":[21,40,59],"reconstruct":[22],"when":[26],"necessary.":[27],"In":[28,87],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"an":[33],"efficient":[34],"by":[36],"using":[37],"K-means":[38],"clustering":[39],"generate":[41],"palette":[44,63,97],"its":[46],"image,":[49,94],"further":[51],"making":[52],"use":[53],"of":[54,70,80,90],"reversible":[56],"watermarking":[57],"technique":[58],"embed":[60],"image.":[67],"For":[68],"purpose":[69],"integrality":[71],"authentication,":[72],"hashed":[77],"as":[78],"part":[79],"embedded":[82],"before":[84],"embedding.":[86],"process":[89],"reconstructing":[91],"can":[98,106,120],"be":[99,107],"extracted":[100],"correctly":[101],"recovered":[108],"without":[109],"any":[110],"loss.":[111],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113],"have":[114],"shown":[115],"proposed":[118],"provide":[121],"satisfactory":[122],"performance.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}