{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168930007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","title":"Unsupervised pronunciation grammar growing using knowledge-based and data-driven approaches","display_name":"Unsupervised pronunciation grammar growing using knowledge-based and data-driven approaches","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168930007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","mag":"2168930007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060455058","display_name":"Chien\u2010Lin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-9429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Lin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103251327","display_name":"Chung\u2010Hsien Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Hsien Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000677417","display_name":"Chia-Hsin Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsin Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749735","display_name":"Bin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9223-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85689893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1097","last_page":"1100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.8825215697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8104333877563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6775456666946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.668510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6300680637359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.48855099081993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44066762924194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21605399250984192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.8825215697288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8104333877563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6775456666946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.668510913848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6300680637359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.48855099081993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44066762924194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21605399250984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2008.4607630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151705834","https://openalex.org/W1485506956","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W1783786615","https://openalex.org/W2008554732","https://openalex.org/W2052667477","https://openalex.org/W2097762701","https://openalex.org/W2102261232","https://openalex.org/W2107176659","https://openalex.org/W2120195522","https://openalex.org/W2137841608","https://openalex.org/W2149503103","https://openalex.org/W2162439664","https://openalex.org/W2767206685","https://openalex.org/W6629170992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W2423284978","https://openalex.org/W2083922162","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W3006486861","https://openalex.org/W4220683390","https://openalex.org/W2776838583","https://openalex.org/W2359469050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6],"unsupervised":[7,52],"pronunciation":[8,16,20,53],"grammar":[9,17,26,47,54],"growing":[10,18,55],"for":[11,34,46,58],"non-native":[12,25,62],"speech":[13,63],"recognition.":[14,64],"Unsupervised":[15],"includes":[19],"variation":[21,35],"graph":[22,36],"construction":[23],"and":[24,29,42],"generation.":[27],"Knowledge-based":[28],"data-driven":[30],"approaches":[31],"are":[32],"considered":[33],"construction.":[37],"The":[38],"measurement":[39],"of":[40,61],"confidence":[41],"support":[43],"is":[44,56],"used":[45],"selection.":[48],"Experiments":[49],"show":[50],"that":[51],"suitable":[57],"the":[59],"improvement":[60]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
