{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097673133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","title":"Exploring Contextual Information in a Layered Framework for Group Action Recognition","display_name":"Exploring Contextual Information in a Layered Framework for Group Action Recognition","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097673133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","mag":"2097673133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366067","display_name":"Dong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017529415","display_name":"Samy Bengio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samy Bengio","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47101419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2022","last_page":"2025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crfs","display_name":"CRFS","score":0.9408207535743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8594656586647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8019013404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-independence","display_name":"Conditional independence","score":0.7448530197143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286155223846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.543980598449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5422796010971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5131879448890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.5089027881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44926851987838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.428438663482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-probability","display_name":"Conditional probability","score":0.42056193947792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3328118920326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15963312983512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07463976740837097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775953691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013874","display_name":"CRFS","level":3,"score":0.9408207535743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8594656586647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8019013404846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79772020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159264","display_name":"Conditional independence","level":2,"score":0.7448530197143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286155223846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.543980598449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5422796010971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5131879448890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.5089027881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44926851987838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.428438663482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44492722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327069","display_name":"Conditional probability","level":2,"score":0.42056193947792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3328118920326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15963312983512878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07463976740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285077","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331353","display_name":"National Center of Competence in Research Chemical Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/033f9yy33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486632395","https://openalex.org/W1534730506","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1595187495","https://openalex.org/W2096071754","https://openalex.org/W2110575115","https://openalex.org/W2134282114","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2157171712","https://openalex.org/W6628849183","https://openalex.org/W6631918358","https://openalex.org/W6635617200","https://openalex.org/W6674626981","https://openalex.org/W6682082992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798423868","https://openalex.org/W2962906565","https://openalex.org/W3015678144","https://openalex.org/W2076440176","https://openalex.org/W2061027419","https://openalex.org/W2140585957","https://openalex.org/W1675450783","https://openalex.org/W189110383","https://openalex.org/W2404235285","https://openalex.org/W2054134081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contextual":[0],"information":[1,63],"is":[2,97],"important":[3],"for":[4,18,118],"sequence":[5,19],"modeling.":[6],"Hidden":[7],"Markov":[8],"models":[9],"(HMMs)":[10],"and":[11,83,135],"extensions,":[12],"which":[13],"have":[14],"been":[15],"widely":[16],"used":[17],"modeling,":[20],"make":[21],"simplifying,":[22],"often":[23],"unrealistic":[24],"assumptions":[25],"on":[26,80,99,112],"the":[27,33,67,72,91,109,113,126,142,145],"conditional":[28,100,105],"independence":[29],"of":[30,71,128,144],"observations":[31,114],"given":[32],"class":[34],"labels,":[35],"thus":[36],"cannot":[37],"accommodate":[38],"overlapping":[39],"features":[40],"or":[41,69],"long-term":[42],"contextual":[43,62],"information.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"we":[48],"introduce":[49],"a":[50,104],"principled":[51],"layered":[52],"framework":[53],"with":[54,125,137],"three":[55],"implementation":[56],"methods":[57,77,124],"that":[58,107],"take":[59],"into":[60],"account":[61],"(as":[64,86],"available":[65],"in":[66,90,132],"whole":[68],"part":[70],"sequence).":[73],"The":[74,94],"first":[75],"two":[76],"are":[78],"based":[79,98],"state":[81],"alpha":[82],"gamma":[84],"posteriors":[85],"usually":[87],"referred":[88],"to":[89],"HMM":[92,139],"formalism).":[93],"third":[95],"method":[96],"random":[101],"fields":[102],"(CRFs),":[103],"model":[106],"relaxes":[108],"independent":[110],"assumption":[111],"required":[115],"by":[116],"HMMs":[117],"computational":[119],"tractability.":[120],"We":[121],"illustrate":[122],"our":[123],"application":[127],"recognizing":[129],"group":[130],"actions":[131],"meetings.":[133],"Experiments":[134],"comparison":[136],"standard":[138],"baseline":[140],"showed":[141],"validity":[143],"proposed":[146],"approach.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}