{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102121587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","title":"An Effective Multimedia Item Shell Design for Individualized Education","display_name":"An Effective Multimedia Item Shell Design for Individualized Education","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102121587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","mag":"2102121587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058927498","display_name":"Irene Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-4895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054810403","display_name":"Anup Basu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7695-4148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anup Basu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1842","last_page":"1845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8341490030288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.7834216952323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.6410170793533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shell","display_name":"Shell (structure)","score":0.5420464277267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4628523886203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-adaptive-testing","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","score":0.4580594003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice","display_name":"Multiple choice","score":0.41114526987075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.394756555557251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8341490030288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.7834216952323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6410170793533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5420464277267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4628523886203766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920411","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","level":3,"score":0.4580594003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.41114526987075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.394756555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4285032","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69871822","https://openalex.org/W130159765","https://openalex.org/W207657238","https://openalex.org/W1492921321","https://openalex.org/W1510148737","https://openalex.org/W1521817711","https://openalex.org/W1603922710","https://openalex.org/W1992202646","https://openalex.org/W1997680988","https://openalex.org/W2001556931","https://openalex.org/W2041638702","https://openalex.org/W2066612758","https://openalex.org/W2071710041","https://openalex.org/W2100538100","https://openalex.org/W2117342357","https://openalex.org/W6605229554","https://openalex.org/W6608441607","https://openalex.org/W6630980926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967937306","https://openalex.org/W226604446","https://openalex.org/W4242162185","https://openalex.org/W3021300720","https://openalex.org/W1883834147","https://openalex.org/W2170357422","https://openalex.org/W2076585022","https://openalex.org/W2554003653","https://openalex.org/W2126341592","https://openalex.org/W1973383881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"advantages":[1],"of":[2,36,50,85,108,129,138,144],"creating":[3],"multimedia":[4,97,110,119],"item":[5,86,120,130,140],"types":[6,87,131],"and":[7,28,99],"applying":[8],"computer-based":[9],"adaptive":[10],"testing":[11],"in":[12],"education":[13],"are:":[14],"First,":[15],"the":[16,23,73,82,91,100,105,127],"capability":[17],"to":[18,75,89,103,150],"motivate":[19],"learning":[20,70],"by":[21],"making":[22],"learners":[24],"feel":[25],"more":[26,154],"engaged":[27],"interactive,":[29],"as":[30,32],"well":[31],"a":[33,52,62,109,118],"better":[34],"representation":[35],"concepts,":[37],"which":[38],"are":[39],"not":[40,124],"possible":[41],"when":[42,77],"using":[43],"conventional":[44],"multiple":[45,93],"choice":[46,94],"tests.":[47],"Second,":[48],"instead":[49],"following":[51],"curriculum":[53,64],"designed":[54],"for":[55,66],"average":[56],"students,":[57],"an":[58,139],"individual":[59],"is":[60,81,147],"given":[61],"customized":[63],"suitable":[65],"his":[67],"or":[68],"her":[69],"capability.":[71],"However,":[72],"issue":[74],"address":[76],"achieving":[78],"these":[79],"goals":[80],"enormous":[83],"amount":[84],"required":[88],"transform":[90],"current":[92],"questions":[95],"into":[96],"formats,":[98],"criteria":[101],"used":[102],"determine":[104],"difficulty":[106,136],"level":[107,137],"question":[111,145],"item.":[112],"In":[113],"this":[114],"paper":[115],"we":[116],"propose":[117],"shell":[121],"design":[122],"that":[123],"only":[125],"reduces":[126],"number":[128],"required,":[132],"but":[133],"also":[134,148],"computes":[135],"automatically.":[141],"concept":[143],"seed":[146],"introduced":[149],"make":[151],"content":[152],"creation":[153],"cost-effective.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}