{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032354522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","title":"Two-Stage Road Sign Detection and Recognition","display_name":"Two-Stage Road Sign Detection and Recognition","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032354522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","mag":"2032354522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100867623","display_name":"Wen-Jia Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jia Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli, Taiwan","Yuan Ze Univ., Chung-Li#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze Univ., Chung-Li#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114259110","display_name":"Chien\u2010Chung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-1922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chien-Chung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli, Taiwan","Yuan Ze Univ., Chung-Li#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze Univ., Chung-Li#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95884997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1427","last_page":"1430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502689361572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6808713674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hough-transform","display_name":"Hough transform","score":0.5884878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5728607177734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.548882007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5206096172332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5153859853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.45577242970466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.4455658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.44497573375701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4348156452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.43344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4261842370033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function","display_name":"Radial basis function","score":0.4244995713233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4084011912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.31807318329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14061972498893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10974925756454468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502689361572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6808713674545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200518788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195076","display_name":"Hough transform","level":3,"score":0.5884878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5728607177734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.548882007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5206096172332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5153859853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.45577242970466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.4455658197402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.44497573375701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4348156452178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.43344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4261842370033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.4244995713233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4084011912345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31807318329811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14061972498893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10974925756454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2007.4284928","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multimedia and Expo, 2007 IEEE International Conference on","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W412667663","https://openalex.org/W2078673528","https://openalex.org/W2079854881","https://openalex.org/W2082223146","https://openalex.org/W2108463990","https://openalex.org/W2111502429","https://openalex.org/W2132241724","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2150823190","https://openalex.org/W2152907901","https://openalex.org/W2169741086","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6614242128","https://openalex.org/W6682043285"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030098947","https://openalex.org/W1974777989","https://openalex.org/W2003466055","https://openalex.org/W2363834444","https://openalex.org/W2070077862","https://openalex.org/W2765199790","https://openalex.org/W2164944168","https://openalex.org/W2326760703","https://openalex.org/W262984167","https://openalex.org/W2372868647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"road":[3,20,38,67,77,104],"sign":[4,39,105],"detection":[5,15,106],"and":[6,27,45,59,83,107,123],"recognition":[7,50],"method":[8,88,96],"using":[9],"two-stage":[10],"classification":[11],"strategy.":[12],"In":[13,48],"the":[14,33,37,41,49,66,90,95,100,116],"phase,":[16,51],"geometric":[17],"characters":[18],"of":[19,36,92,103,118],"traffic":[21],"signs,":[22],"Hough":[23],"transformation,":[24],"corner":[25],"detection,":[26],"projection":[28],"are":[29,62],"used":[30,63],"to":[31,64],"detect":[32],"exact":[34],"position":[35],"in":[40,69],"image":[42],"under":[43],"noisy":[44],"complicated":[46],"environment.":[47],"convolution,":[52],"radial":[53],"basis":[54],"function":[55],"(RBF)":[56],"neural":[57],"network":[58],"K-d":[60],"tree":[61],"recognize":[65],"signs":[68,78],"two":[70],"stages.":[71],"Experimental":[72],"results":[73],"show":[74],"that":[75],"most":[76],"can":[79],"be":[80,113],"correctly":[81],"detected":[82],"recognized":[84],"by":[85],"our":[86],"proposed":[87,110],"with":[89],"accuracy":[91],"95.5%.":[93],"Moreover,":[94],"is":[97],"robust":[98],"against":[99],"major":[101],"difficulties":[102],"recognition.":[108],"The":[109],"approach":[111],"would":[112],"helpful":[114],"for":[115],"development":[117],"intelligent":[119],"driver":[120],"support":[121],"system":[122],"provide":[124],"effective":[125],"driving":[126],"assistance":[127],"message.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
