{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169295472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","title":"Speaker Independent Speech Emotion Recognition by Ensemble Classification","display_name":"Speaker Independent Speech Emotion Recognition by Ensemble Classification","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169295472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","mag":"2169295472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/76749/76749.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043060302","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn W. Schuller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-8699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Schuller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112793493","display_name":"S.A. Reiter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Reiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076176319","display_name":"Ronald M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003604909","display_name":"Marc Al-Hames","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Al-Hames","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088367992","display_name":"M. Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8080-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039092855","display_name":"Gerhard Rigoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1096-1596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Rigoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Human-Machine Communication, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043060302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":147,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94172847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"864","last_page":"867"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7677962779998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.607428252696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.551432192325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5323707461357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.4996774196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4968562424182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49604663252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4959298074245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4726262092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4566440284252167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.4498641788959503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4179186224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3223722577095032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7677962779998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.607428252696991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.551432192325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5323707461357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.4996774196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4968562424182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49604663252830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4959298074245453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4726262092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4566440284252167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.4498641788959503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4179186224937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3223722577095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2005.1521560","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:76749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-opus4-767498","pdf_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/76749/76749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"bookpart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.331.2366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.2366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mmk.ei.tum.de/publ/pdf/05/05sch3.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uni-augsburg.opus-bayern.de:76749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-opus4-767498","pdf_url":"https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/76749/76749.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400930","display_name":"OPUS (Augsburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119916105","host_organization_name":"Augsburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119916105"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"bookpart"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2169295472.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141482854","https://openalex.org/W1569087642","https://openalex.org/W1589161866","https://openalex.org/W2014915963","https://openalex.org/W2110052520","https://openalex.org/W2140801466","https://openalex.org/W2171939880","https://openalex.org/W4239447739","https://openalex.org/W6605703937","https://openalex.org/W6633893584","https://openalex.org/W6635637205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2811390910","https://openalex.org/W2146076056","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W2546942002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emotion":[0],"recognition":[1],"grows":[2],"to":[3,33],"an":[4,88,117],"important":[5],"factor":[6],"in":[7,79,116,149,158],"future":[8],"media":[9],"retrieval":[10],"and":[11,134],"man":[12],"machine":[13],"interfaces.":[14],"However,":[15],"even":[16],"human":[17],"deciders":[18],"often":[19],"experience":[20],"problems":[21],"realizing":[22],"one's":[23],"emotion,":[24],"especially":[25],"of":[26,37,48,67,72,109,124,140,152],"strangers.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"work":[30],"we":[31,56,85,98],"strive":[32],"recognize":[34],"emotion":[35],"independent":[36],"the":[38,42,150,153,159],"person":[39],"concentrating":[40],"on":[41,130],"speech":[43],"channel.":[44],"Single":[45],"feature":[46,119],"relevance":[47],"acoustic":[49],"features":[50],"is":[51,114],"a":[52,65,73,77,94,105,131],"critical":[53],"point,":[54],"which":[55],"address":[57],"by":[58,104,121],"filter-based":[59],"gain":[60],"ratio":[61],"calculation":[62],"starting":[63],"at":[64],"basis":[66],"276":[68],"features.":[69],"As":[70],"optimization":[71],"minimum":[74],"set":[75],"as":[76],"whole":[78],"general":[80],"saves":[81],"more":[82,95],"extraction":[83],"effort,":[84],"furthermore":[86],"apply":[87],"SVM-SFFS":[89],"wrapper":[90],"based":[91],"search.":[92],"For":[93],"robust":[96],"estimation":[97],"also":[99],"integrate":[100],"spoken":[101],"content":[102],"information":[103],"Bayesian":[106],"net":[107],"analysis":[108],"ASR":[110],"outputs.":[111],"Overall":[112],"classification":[113],"realized":[115],"early":[118],"fusion":[120],"stacked":[122],"ensembles":[123],"diverse":[125],"base":[126],"classifiers.":[127],"Tests":[128],"ran":[129],"3,947":[132],"movie":[133],"automotive":[135],"interaction":[136],"dialog-turns":[137],"database":[138],"consisting":[139],"35":[141],"speakers.":[142],"Remarkable":[143],"overall":[144],"performance":[145],"can":[146],"be":[147],"reported":[148],"discrimination":[151],"seven":[154],"discrete":[155],"emotions":[156],"named":[157],"MPEG-4":[160],"standard":[161],"with":[162],"added":[163],"neutrality":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
