{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241425781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221263","title":"A comparison of subspace analysis for face recognition","display_name":"A comparison of subspace analysis for face recognition","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4241425781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2003.1221263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114860199","display_name":"Li Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2274-3489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100930882","display_name":"Shaohua Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069480330","display_name":"C. Shekhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Shekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Automation Research, ECE Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114860199"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71393563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.8472394943237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8354885578155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.7973467111587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.765796422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.737916886806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7264276742935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6904956698417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6785171031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6272765398025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.6019930243492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5496727228164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.474578857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4555872082710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.451386958360672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4155944883823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.4141184091567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3281477093696594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.8472394943237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8354885578155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.7973467111587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.765796422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.737916886806488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7264276742935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6904956698417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6785171031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6272765398025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.6019930243492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5496727228164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.474578857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4555872082710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.451386958360672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4155944883823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.4141184091567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3281477093696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icme.2003.1221263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021012145","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2139896607","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2146610201","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2163647352","https://openalex.org/W3215887389","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W4235215314","https://openalex.org/W6680731341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141981133","https://openalex.org/W2386228546","https://openalex.org/W2086055175","https://openalex.org/W2365801610","https://openalex.org/W2388048830","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2016459271","https://openalex.org/W2094490861","https://openalex.org/W2566759662","https://openalex.org/W2788610776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"the":[2,82,125],"results":[3],"of":[4,67,72,84,97,109,123],"a":[5,61,120],"comparative":[6],"study":[7],"on":[8,90],"subspace":[9,22,86,126],"analysis":[10,39,44,53],"methods":[11,34,48,69,111,127],"for":[12],"face":[13,98,117,131],"recognition.":[14,132],"In":[15],"particular,":[16],"we":[17,88],"have":[18],"studied":[19],"four":[20],"different":[21,114],"representations":[23],"and":[24,41,46,55,103],"their":[25],"'kernelized'":[26,65],"versions":[27,66],"if":[28],"available.":[29],"They":[30],"include":[31],"both":[32],"unsupervised":[33],"such":[35,49],"as":[36,50],"principal":[37],"component":[38,43],"(PCA)":[40],"independent":[42],"(ICA),":[45],"supervised":[47],"Fisher":[51],"discriminant":[52],"(FDA)":[54],"probabilistic":[56],"PCA":[57],"(PPCA)":[58],"used":[59,129],"in":[60,116,130],"discriminative":[62],"manner.":[63],"The":[64,107],"these":[68,85,110],"provide":[70],"subspaces":[71],"high-dimensional":[73],"feature":[74],"spaces":[75],"induced":[76],"by":[77],"non-linear":[78],"mappings.":[79],"To":[80],"test":[81],"effectiveness":[83],"representations,":[87],"experiment":[89],"two":[91],"databases":[92],"with":[93],"three":[94],"typical":[95],"variations":[96,115],"images,":[99],"i.e.,":[100],"pose,":[101],"illumination":[102],"facial":[104],"expression":[105],"changes.":[106],"comparison":[108],"applied":[112],"to":[113],"images":[118],"offers":[119],"comprehensive":[121],"view":[122],"all":[124],"currently":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}