{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405936838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828","title":"Optimized Fixed Point MAC Unit for Neural Network on FPGA","display_name":"Optimized Fixed Point MAC Unit for Neural Network on FPGA","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405936838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076366968","display_name":"Farshideh Kordi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshideh Kordi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071953487","display_name":"Paul Fortier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Fortier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053817761","display_name":"Amine Miled","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-7528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amine Miled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Laval,Departement of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Qu&#x00E9;bec,QC,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96090279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.8743000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.8740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7367336750030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.728969931602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5972344875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.5845859050750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46415552496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-point-arithmetic","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","score":0.45183926820755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4288226366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3345246911048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33028408885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3252567648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.26425671577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21297743916511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19147849082946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12492924928665161}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7367336750030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.728969931602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5972344875335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.5845859050750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46415552496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163973906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649900","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.45183926820755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4288226366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3345246911048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33028408885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3252567648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.26425671577453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21297743916511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19147849082946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12492924928665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm63406.2024.10815828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3009327594","https://openalex.org/W3028187169","https://openalex.org/W3091156904","https://openalex.org/W3116740698","https://openalex.org/W4212788319","https://openalex.org/W4391410260","https://openalex.org/W6751552315","https://openalex.org/W6861573725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2096844293","https://openalex.org/W2363944576","https://openalex.org/W2351041855","https://openalex.org/W2570254841","https://openalex.org/W2097231882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,12,75,84,90,168,181],"demand":[4],"for":[5,35,68,122,138,190],"efficient":[6,188],"deep":[7,123],"learning":[8,124],"models":[9],"has":[10],"accelerated":[11],"exploration":[13],"of":[14,77,92,170],"low-precision":[15,37],"data":[16],"representations":[17],"that":[18],"maintain":[19],"competitive":[20],"accuracy":[21],"levels.":[22],"Among":[23],"these,":[24],"Q-format":[25],"fixed-point":[26,86],"arithmetic":[27],"stands":[28],"out":[29],"as":[30,97],"a":[31,72,161],"highly":[32,143],"effective":[33,144],"approach":[34],"implementing":[36],"formats":[38],"in":[39,47,145,164],"convolutional":[40,79],"neural":[41],"networks":[42,80],"(CNNs),":[43],"offering":[44],"significant":[45],"reductions":[46],"storage":[48],"requirements,":[49],"memory":[50],"access":[51],"latency,":[52],"and":[53,101,151,175],"energy":[54],"consumption.":[55],"This":[56,110],"paper":[57],"specifically":[58],"targets":[59],"FPGA":[60],"(Field":[61],"Programmable":[62],"Gate":[63],"Array)":[64],"platforms,":[65],"widely":[66],"utilized":[67],"CNN":[69],"applications,":[70],"with":[71],"focus":[73],"on":[74,126],"implementation":[76],"temporal":[78],"(TCNs).":[81],"By":[82],"leveraging":[83],"Q1.15":[85,130],"representation,":[87],"we":[88],"optimize":[89],"use":[91,169],"heterogeneous":[93],"computing":[94],"resources,":[95],"such":[96],"LUTs":[98,171],"(Look-Up":[99],"Tables)":[100],"DSPs":[102,176],"(Digital":[103],"Signal":[104],"Processors),":[105],"to":[106,136,180],"enhance":[107],"computational":[108],"efficiency.":[109],"method":[111,159],"not":[112],"only":[113],"improves":[114],"performance":[115,189],"but":[116],"also":[117],"significantly":[118],"enhances":[119],"resource":[120,154,165],"utilization":[121],"inference":[125],"FPGA-based":[127],"systems.":[128],"Although":[129],"may":[131],"offer":[132],"less":[133],"precision":[134],"compared":[135,179],"FP16":[137],"certain":[139],"values,":[140],"it":[141],"remains":[142],"real-time":[146,191],"applications":[147],"where":[148],"efficiency,":[149],"performance,":[150],"reduced":[152],"hardware":[153],"usage":[155],"are":[156],"critical.":[157],"Our":[158],"demonstrates":[160],"notable":[162],"improvement":[163],"utilization,":[166],"reducing":[167],"by":[172,177],"over":[173],"67%":[174],"50%":[178],"floating-point":[182],"Xilinx":[183],"IP":[184],"core,":[185],"while":[186],"maintaining":[187],"applications.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
