{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408862108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824","title":"Sensing-based Robustness Challenges in Agricultural Robotic Harvesting","display_name":"Sensing-based Robustness Challenges in Agricultural Robotic Harvesting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408862108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116335685","display_name":"C. Beldek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Beldek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027143607","display_name":"Judy Cunningham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037702070","display_name":"Mira\u00e7 Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-8306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Aydin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002955488","display_name":"Emre Sar\u0131y\u0131ld\u0131z","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-2545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Sariyildiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050488362","display_name":"Son Lam Phung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. L. Phung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008147927","display_name":"G\u00fcrsel Al\u0131c\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Alici","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering University of Wollongong,Wollongong,NSW,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94021763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.810073971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5949962735176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.4194164276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06896045804023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.06293883919715881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.810073971748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5949962735176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4194164276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06896045804023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06293883919715881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm62621.2025.10934824","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016250555","https://openalex.org/W2047135418","https://openalex.org/W2091478344","https://openalex.org/W2234542184","https://openalex.org/W2238310311","https://openalex.org/W2263275936","https://openalex.org/W2608799977","https://openalex.org/W2803991118","https://openalex.org/W2913798177","https://openalex.org/W2948594986","https://openalex.org/W2956087126","https://openalex.org/W2960111557","https://openalex.org/W2963139447","https://openalex.org/W3011855178","https://openalex.org/W3020952808","https://openalex.org/W3034773724","https://openalex.org/W3092164697","https://openalex.org/W3135911091","https://openalex.org/W3207828822","https://openalex.org/W3210075861","https://openalex.org/W4205569741","https://openalex.org/W4210248601","https://openalex.org/W4226351416","https://openalex.org/W4281640767","https://openalex.org/W4283789686","https://openalex.org/W4288681049","https://openalex.org/W4288687070","https://openalex.org/W4289335852","https://openalex.org/W4292428501","https://openalex.org/W4303579370","https://openalex.org/W4308156238","https://openalex.org/W4309011148","https://openalex.org/W4311446656","https://openalex.org/W4361007666","https://openalex.org/W4363647945","https://openalex.org/W4366146365","https://openalex.org/W4366609682","https://openalex.org/W4368407080","https://openalex.org/W4379516564","https://openalex.org/W4381667755","https://openalex.org/W4408862751","https://openalex.org/W6791394127","https://openalex.org/W6796479985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,23,31,51,162,173],"challenges":[4,109],"agricultural":[5,179],"robotic":[6,176],"harvesters":[7,177],"face":[8],"in":[9,47],"detecting":[10],"and":[11,30,71,95,100,154,156,169],"localising":[12],"fruits":[13],"under":[14,97,136],"various":[15],"environmental":[16],"disturbances.":[17],"In":[18],"controlled":[19],"laboratory":[20],"settings,":[21],"both":[22],"traditional":[24],"HSV":[25,52],"(Hue":[26],"Saturation":[27],"Value)":[28],"transformation":[29,53,80],"YOLOv8":[32,44,118,135],"(You":[33],"Only":[34],"Look":[35],"Once)":[36],"deep":[37],"learning":[38],"model":[39],"were":[40],"employed.":[41],"However,":[42],"only":[43],"was":[45,54,81],"utilised":[46],"outdoor":[48,124],"experiments,":[49],"as":[50],"not":[55],"capable":[56],"of":[57,132,167,175],"accurately":[58],"drawing":[59],"fruit":[60,66],"contours.":[61],"Experiments":[62],"include":[63],"ten":[64],"distinct":[65],"patterns":[67],"with":[68,128],"six":[69,72],"apples":[70],"oranges.":[73],"A":[74],"grid":[75],"structure":[76],"for":[77,134,164,178],"homography":[78],"(perspective)":[79],"employed":[82],"to":[83,149,171],"convert":[84],"detected":[85],"midpoints":[86],"into":[87],"3D":[88],"world":[89],"coordinates.":[90],"The":[91,139],"experiments":[92,116],"evaluated":[93],"detection":[94,121],"localisation":[96],"varying":[98],"lighting":[99],"background":[101,152],"disturbances,":[102,153],"revealing":[103],"accurate":[104],"performance":[105],"indoors,":[106],"but":[107],"significant":[108,146],"outdoors.":[110],"Our":[111],"results":[112],"show":[113],"that":[114,142],"indoor":[115],"using":[117],"achieved":[119],"100%":[120],"accuracy,":[122],"while":[123],"conditions":[125],"decreased":[126],"performance,":[127],"an":[129],"average":[130],"accuracy":[131],"69.15%":[133],"direct":[137],"sunlight.":[138],"study":[140],"demonstrates":[141],"real-world":[143],"applications":[144],"reveal":[145],"limitations":[147],"due":[148],"changing":[150],"lighting,":[151],"colour":[155],"shape":[157],"variability.":[158],"These":[159],"findings":[160],"underscore":[161],"need":[163],"further":[165],"refinement":[166],"algorithms":[168],"sensors":[170],"enhance":[172],"robustness":[174],"use.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
