{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011381468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","title":"A Gilbert Cell Based Gain and Phase Mismatch Calibration Loop for 5G Beamformers","display_name":"A Gilbert Cell Based Gain and Phase Mismatch Calibration Loop for 5G Beamformers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011381468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","mag":"3011381468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034813320","display_name":"Mohamed K. Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-4969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed K. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104069841","display_name":"Mohamed A. Y. Abdalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Y. Abdalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019339958","display_name":"Islam A. Eshrah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-8607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islam A. Eshrah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17493536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7488257884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.7138634920120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6482573747634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.575533926486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-gain","display_name":"Loop gain","score":0.5528110861778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4907323122024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.466977596282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44290873408317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44198206067085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.43800753355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.42454618215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-gain-control","display_name":"Automatic gain control","score":0.4146224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33278563618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22751978039741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.20446518063545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20399293303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19828194379806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.19293585419654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17026615142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1698351800441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06630593538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.06186738610267639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7488257884979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7138634920120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6482573747634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.575533926486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199943209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271153","display_name":"Loop gain","level":3,"score":0.5528110861778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4907323122024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.466977596282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44290873408317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44198206067085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.43800753355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.42454618215560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177502760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782524","display_name":"Automatic gain control","level":4,"score":0.4146224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33278563618659973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22751978039741516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.20446518063545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20399293303489685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19828194379806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.19293585419654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17026615142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1698351800441742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06630593538284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.06186738610267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm48031.2019.9021732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 31st International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010973186","https://openalex.org/W2131556268","https://openalex.org/W2157214843","https://openalex.org/W2618473496","https://openalex.org/W2790240868","https://openalex.org/W2943009294","https://openalex.org/W2971545049","https://openalex.org/W6738788616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353997301","https://openalex.org/W4206517519","https://openalex.org/W2516123313","https://openalex.org/W2050311810","https://openalex.org/W2931167854","https://openalex.org/W2052614187","https://openalex.org/W2004266780","https://openalex.org/W1976726711","https://openalex.org/W1667901766","https://openalex.org/W2358098678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,31,37,46,51],"design":[4],"of":[5,30,57,63,85],"a":[6],"Gilbert":[7,71],"mixer":[8],"based":[9],"channel":[10,12,40],"to":[11],"gain":[13,58],"and":[14,45,60],"phase":[15,64],"mismatch":[16],"calibration":[17,52,73],"loop":[18,32,74],"for":[19],"5G":[20,38],"4":[21,86],"channels":[22],"24:30":[23],"GHz":[24],"beamformers.":[25],"The":[26,69],"input":[27],"dynamic":[28],"range":[29],"is":[33,54,75],"14dB":[34],"centered":[35],"around":[36],"beamformer":[39],"average":[41],"output":[42],"power":[43,83],"(SdBm)":[44],"simulation":[47],"results":[48],"shows":[49],"that":[50],"accuracy":[53],"+/-0.25":[55],"dB":[56],"variation":[59],"+/-2.5":[61],"degrees":[62],"variations":[65],"between":[66],"all":[67],"channels.":[68],"proposed":[70],"cell":[72],"designed":[76],"in":[77],"TSMC":[78],"65nm":[79],"technology":[80],"with":[81],"static":[82],"consumption":[84],"m":[87],"Watts":[88],"from":[89],"3.3V":[90],"supply.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}