{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943559241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","title":"Fully automated CADx for early breast cancer detection using image processing and machine learning","display_name":"Fully automated CADx for early breast cancer detection using image processing and machine learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943559241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","mag":"2943559241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 30th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015546939","display_name":"Monica Ezzat Gamil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monica Ezzat Gamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Engineering Dept, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Engineering Dept, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028542863","display_name":"Mariam Fouad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-7690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96823368","display_name":"German University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/03rjt0z37","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariam Mohamed Fouad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics Engineering Dept, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics Engineering Dept, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039330377","display_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004652614","display_name":"Klaus Hoffinan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Hoffinan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Electronic Systems Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015546939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96823368"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71173629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"108","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.751973032951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7140222191810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6953055262565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6176651120185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5654365420341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.5397051572799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5188152194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-ultrasound","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","score":0.5137602090835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4917185604572296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4826662838459015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-diagnosis","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","score":0.43408453464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42986780405044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4241431653499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.41228774189949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.4017726182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2536977529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.1668262779712677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.751973032951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7140222191810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6953055262565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6176651120185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5654365420341492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.5397051572799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5188152194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888238","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","level":5,"score":0.5137602090835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4917185604572296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4826662838459015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.43408453464508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42986780405044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4241431653499603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.41228774189949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4017726182937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2536977529525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.1668262779712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2018.8704097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 30th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655150114","https://openalex.org/W1983024255","https://openalex.org/W1988819287","https://openalex.org/W2026356722","https://openalex.org/W2035433263","https://openalex.org/W2044164277","https://openalex.org/W2121677163","https://openalex.org/W2128589733","https://openalex.org/W2130748174","https://openalex.org/W2147982258","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2161817637","https://openalex.org/W2422427636","https://openalex.org/W2776140409","https://openalex.org/W2885119361","https://openalex.org/W6753473070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3020588946","https://openalex.org/W2478167448","https://openalex.org/W2117952144","https://openalex.org/W2364180410","https://openalex.org/W4379196800","https://openalex.org/W3091864250","https://openalex.org/W2063280872","https://openalex.org/W3122972499","https://openalex.org/W3190666406","https://openalex.org/W2390739008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breast":[0,37],"cancer":[1],"accounts":[2],"for":[3,22,36,94],"16%":[4],"of":[5,59,70,76,79,96,121],"all":[6],"cancers":[7],"among":[8],"females.":[9],"Current":[10],"early":[11,39],"detection":[12,40],"methods":[13],"are":[14],"expensive":[15],"or":[16],"computationally":[17],"complex":[18],"and":[19,51,63,85,129,137],"thus":[20],"unsuitable":[21],"developing":[23],"countries.":[24],"For":[25],"this":[26,47],"reason,":[27],"a":[28,108],"real-time":[29],"fully":[30],"automated":[31],"Computer":[32],"Aided":[33],"Diagnosis":[34],"system":[35,140],"Cancer":[38],"from":[41,81,114],"Ultrasound":[42],"images":[43],"is":[44,105],"built":[45],"in":[46],"paper.":[48],"The":[49,65],"proposed":[50],"implemented":[52,66,93],"design":[53,67],"comprises":[54],"into":[55],"its":[56],"modules":[57],"state":[58],"the":[60,71,77,82,97,118,139],"art":[61],"techniques":[62],"methods.":[64],"includes":[68],"preprocessing/filtering":[69],"input":[72],"ultrasound":[73],"image,":[74],"segmentation":[75],"region":[78],"interest":[80],"background":[83],"image":[84],"feature":[86],"set":[87,120],"calculation/extraction.":[88],"Machine":[89],"learning":[90],"algorithms":[91],"were":[92,132],"classification":[95],"tumour.":[98],"Successful":[99],"implementation":[100],"with":[101,107],"satisfactory":[102],"run":[103],"time":[104],"achieved":[106],"final":[109],"accuracy":[110],"improved":[111],"by":[112],"10%":[113],"previous":[115],"work":[116],"using":[117],"same":[119],"features.":[122],"Additional":[123],"evaluation":[124],"metrics":[125],"like":[126],"precision-recall":[127],"plots":[128],"confusion":[130],"matrices":[131],"also":[133],"used":[134],"to":[135],"test":[136],"evaluate":[138],"overall":[141],"balanced":[142],"performance.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
