{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586900493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","title":"Millimeter wave beamforming training, discovery and association using WiFi positioning in outdoor urban environment","display_name":"Millimeter wave beamforming training, discovery and association using WiFi positioning in outdoor urban environment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586900493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","mag":"2586900493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079409392","display_name":"Ahmed S. Mubarak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6375-4243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97455420","display_name":"Sohag University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wgx3e98","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97455420"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. A. Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Dept., Sohag University, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Dept., Sohag University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97455420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023202284","display_name":"Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Dept., Aswan University, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Dept., Aswan University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060003794","display_name":"Hamada Esmaiel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-8908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamada Esmaiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Dept., Aswan University, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Dept., Aswan University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079409392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97455420"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87170799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"221","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.9246131181716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7512639760971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6158008575439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.540979266166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5390339493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5273676514625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5208469033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4966326355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4359531104564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3766580820083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3126699924468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1554475724697113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.9246131181716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7512639760971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6158008575439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.540979266166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5390339493751526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5273676514625549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5208469033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4966326355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4359531104564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3766580820083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3126699924468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1554475724697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icm.2016.7847855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W347197115","https://openalex.org/W1596682412","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2108672684","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2285797233","https://openalex.org/W2462738099","https://openalex.org/W2780882979","https://openalex.org/W2964273971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303288554","https://openalex.org/W3033750547","https://openalex.org/W2029216794","https://openalex.org/W2047225036","https://openalex.org/W4386698331","https://openalex.org/W2138314731","https://openalex.org/W2093207996","https://openalex.org/W2322468729","https://openalex.org/W2142989636","https://openalex.org/W2168356777"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"communication":[3,140],"is":[4,118],"considered":[5],"as":[6],"the":[7,97,131,147,156,160,165,175],"most":[8],"promising":[9],"solution":[10,41],"for":[11,74,121],"future":[12],"5G":[13],"cellular":[14],"networks.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"suffers":[18],"from":[19],"a":[20,39,82,86,104,137],"severe":[21],"propagation":[22],"loss":[23],"causing":[24],"dramatic":[25],"link":[26,151],"quality":[27],"degradation":[28],"and":[29,46,77,85,93,112,171],"limiting":[30],"its":[31],"coverage":[32],"area.":[33,128],"Antenna":[34],"beamforming":[35,57],"appears":[36],"to":[37,42,96,130,174],"be":[38],"suitable":[40],"overcome":[43],"this":[44,102],"problem":[45],"provides":[47],"longer":[48],"transmission":[49],"outdoor":[50,123],"mmWave":[51,75,89,107,135,150,168],"links.":[52],"Accordingly,":[53],"highly":[54],"complicated":[55],"conventional":[56,176],"training":[58],"(BT)":[59],"techniques":[60],"based":[61,114],"on":[62,115],"exhaustively":[63,179],"searching":[64,180],"all":[65,69,181],"beam":[66,182],"settings":[67],"in":[68,81,163],"possible":[70],"directions":[71],"are":[72],"used":[73],"discovery":[76,92,111,170],"association.":[78],"This":[79],"results":[80,154],"long-time":[83],"delay":[84],"high-power":[87],"consumption":[88],"small":[90,108],"cell":[91,109],"association":[94,113,172],"due":[95],"large":[98],"BT":[99],"overhead.":[100],"In":[101],"paper,":[103],"paradigm":[105],"of":[106,133,149,159,167,178],"BT,":[110,169],"WiFi":[116],"localization":[117],"proposed":[119,161],"especially":[120],"local":[122],"urban":[124],"environments,":[125],"e.g.,":[126],"campus":[127],"Due":[129],"use":[132],"beamforming,":[134],"becomes":[136],"location-driven":[138],"wireless":[139],"system,":[141],"hence":[142],"positioning":[143],"can":[144],"extremely":[145],"relax":[146],"complexity":[148,166],"establishment.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"show":[155],"high":[157],"potency":[158],"scheme":[162,177],"reducing":[164],"compared":[173],"directions.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}