{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955125114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","title":"Use and Validation of Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Detection of GNSS Signal Spoofing","display_name":"Use and Validation of Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Detection of GNSS Signal Spoofing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955125114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","mag":"2955125114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8627092","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048154014","display_name":"Silvio \u0160emanjski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-4112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio Semanjski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Royal Military Academy Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Royal Military Academy Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053777412","display_name":"Alain Muls","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Muls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Royal Military Academy Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Royal Military Academy Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028305465","display_name":"Ivana \u0160emanjski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Semanjski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Engineering (ISyE), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Engineering (ISyE), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083935544","display_name":"Wim De Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-5673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155508","display_name":"Septentrio (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/052x9wz38","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim De Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Septentrio N.V, Septentrio N.V, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Septentrio N.V, Septentrio N.V, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94077546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9760534167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9461987018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.725570559501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5760627388954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5083252787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4955037832260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4542669355869293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35205426812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34163227677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3126470446586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.20851996541023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11754801869392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09984499216079712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9760534167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9461987018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.725570559501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5760627388954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5083252787590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4955037832260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4542669355869293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35205426812171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34163227677345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3126470446586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.20851996541023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11754801869392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09984499216079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2019.8752775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8627092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8627092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400477","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"conference"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8618629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8618629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781728124452","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8627092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8627092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400477","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"conference"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94523489","https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W2007707130","https://openalex.org/W2030060883","https://openalex.org/W2036350498","https://openalex.org/W2047493229","https://openalex.org/W2055522016","https://openalex.org/W2061153318","https://openalex.org/W2063559185","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2119748693","https://openalex.org/W2158078575","https://openalex.org/W2346214124","https://openalex.org/W2516667418","https://openalex.org/W2601871563","https://openalex.org/W2905348672","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3082255695","https://openalex.org/W4231927828","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603834347","https://openalex.org/W6683383647","https://openalex.org/W6766352347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095455901","https://openalex.org/W4312670159","https://openalex.org/W3126564540","https://openalex.org/W2955125114","https://openalex.org/W2968223354","https://openalex.org/W3008363920","https://openalex.org/W3206448138","https://openalex.org/W4319430861","https://openalex.org/W3200530419","https://openalex.org/W4379876618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoofing":[0],"of":[1,11,13,20,37,44,48,84,92],"the":[2,9,38,46,85,93],"GNSS":[3,50,67,94],"signals":[4,22],"presents":[5],"continuous":[6],"threat":[7],"to":[8,17,63],"users":[10],"safety":[12],"life":[14],"applications":[15],"due":[16],"unaware":[18],"use":[19],"false":[21],"in":[23,72],"generating":[24],"position":[25],"and":[26,52,74,82],"timing":[27],"solution.":[28],"Among":[29],"numerous":[30],"anti-spoofing":[31],"techniques":[32],"applied":[33],"at":[34],"different":[35],"stages":[36],"signal":[39],"processing,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"approach":[43,62],"monitoring":[45],"cross-correlation":[47],"multiple":[49],"observables":[51],"measurements":[53],"as":[54],"an":[55],"input":[56],"for":[57,80,90],"supervised":[58,86],"machine":[59,87],"learning":[60,88],"based":[61],"detect":[64],"potentially":[65],"spoofed":[66],"signals.":[68],"Both":[69],"synthetic,":[70],"generated":[71],"laboratory,":[73],"real-world":[75],"spoofing":[76],"datasets":[77],"were":[78],"used":[79],"verification":[81],"validation":[83],"algorithms":[89],"detection":[91],"spoofing.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}