{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808031250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","title":"Mathematical underpinnings of crowdsource GPS jammer geolocation using signal strength readings from various locations","display_name":"Mathematical underpinnings of crowdsource GPS jammer geolocation using signal strength readings from various locations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808031250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","mag":"2808031250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019602330","display_name":"Barry R. Secrest","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Barry R. Secrest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Research Laboratory, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Research Laboratory, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113718754","display_name":"David A. Richie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Richie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown Deer Technology, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown Deer Technology, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110531391","display_name":"Brian Rapp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Rapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Research Laboratory, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Research Laboratory, CISD/CIH-S, APG, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019602330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67518025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16 5","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.8620792627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7935395240783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.733855128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4814797639846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.4641249179840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36039209365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.31984251737594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.18908262252807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1360192894935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1135871410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.074637770652771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.8620792627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7935395240783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.733855128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4814797639846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.4641249179840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36039209365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.31984251737594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.18908262252807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1360192894935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1135871410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.074637770652771}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2017.8376243","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Localization and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968545881","https://openalex.org/W1970756365","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2026490835","https://openalex.org/W2064709328","https://openalex.org/W2099474094","https://openalex.org/W2100502120","https://openalex.org/W2612960045","https://openalex.org/W2985849463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248597968","https://openalex.org/W2054128315","https://openalex.org/W2126904819","https://openalex.org/W2386611723","https://openalex.org/W1974846654","https://openalex.org/W2095430614","https://openalex.org/W1983404271","https://openalex.org/W1987503182","https://openalex.org/W2161629363","https://openalex.org/W2545442221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Can":[0],"we":[1,53],"geolocate":[2],"a":[3,22,31,67,82],"GPS":[4],"jammer":[5],"using":[6,81],"only":[7],"smartphones":[8],"located":[9],"in":[10],"the":[11,44],"area?":[12],"We":[13,25],"present":[14],"two":[15,28,37],"mathematical":[16,69],"approaches":[17,29,38],"to":[18,49,65],"solution":[19,50,70],"and":[20,80],"introduce":[21],"likelihood":[23,83],"mapping.":[24,84],"validate":[26],"these":[27,36,56],"with":[30],"pedantic":[32],"example,":[33],"then":[34],"contrast":[35],"by":[39],"sensitivity":[40],"analysis":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,77],"example.":[45],"Although":[46],"our":[47],"approach":[48],"is":[51],"valid,":[52],"conclude":[54],"from":[55],"experiments":[57],"that":[58],"real-world":[59,78],"conditions":[60,79],"inject":[61],"too":[62],"much":[63],"error":[64],"make":[66],"direct":[68],"of":[71],"practical":[72],"use.":[73],"Future":[74],"efforts":[75],"center":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}