{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1932602369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","title":"Baseline performance of LTE positioning in 3GPP 3D MIMO indoor user scenarios","display_name":"Baseline performance of LTE positioning in 3GPP 3D MIMO indoor user scenarios","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1932602369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","mag":"1932602369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Location and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073489364","display_name":"Henrik Ryd\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Ryden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060398288","display_name":"Sara Modarres Razavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Modarres Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017357798","display_name":"Fredrik Gunnarsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-3472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Gunnarsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429087","display_name":"Su Min Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101940083","display_name":"Meng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9590-4202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015524064","display_name":"Yufei Blankenship","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Blankenship","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012181540","display_name":"Asbj\u00f6rn Gr\u00f6vlen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asbjorn Grovlen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054720904","display_name":"\u00c5ke Busin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ake Busin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Research","Ericsson Research,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Research,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073489364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90943679,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7294994592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7155682444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6832157969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6081637144088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6031609773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.49794840812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.46849021315574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4184585511684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3947451710700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2828488349914551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7294994592666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7155682444572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6832157969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6081637144088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6031609773635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.49794840812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.46849021315574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4184585511684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3947451710700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2828488349914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2015.7217158","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Location and GNSS (ICL-GNSS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W323911834","https://openalex.org/W2062247251","https://openalex.org/W2133490805","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2149681188","https://openalex.org/W2162184158","https://openalex.org/W2544039960","https://openalex.org/W2595613453","https://openalex.org/W6681895701","https://openalex.org/W6734839239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391956340","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2071552392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positioning":[0],"in":[1,77],"currently":[2],"deployed":[3],"LTE":[4],"networks":[5,49],"is":[6],"made":[7],"via":[8],"a":[9],"combination":[10],"of":[11,19,44],"enhanced":[12],"cell":[13],"identity":[14],"(E-CID),":[15],"observed":[16],"time":[17],"difference":[18],"arrival":[20],"(OTDOA)":[21],"and":[22,31,70,90,98],"global":[23],"navigation":[24],"satellite":[25],"system":[26],"(A-GNSS)":[27],"information.":[28],"Both":[29],"simulations":[30],"field":[32],"trials":[33],"indicate":[34],"acceptable":[35],"performance":[36,61],"for":[37,95],"outdoor":[38],"users.":[39],"However,":[40],"today":[41],"the":[42,45,65,78],"majority":[43],"connections":[46],"to":[47],"cellular":[48],"are":[50,93],"established":[51],"from":[52],"terminals":[53],"located":[54],"indoors.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"provides":[58],"baseline":[59],"positioning":[60,87],"results":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64,85],"3GPP":[66,79],"3D":[67],"MIMO":[68],"deployment":[69],"propagation":[71],"model":[72],"that":[73],"has":[74],"been":[75],"adopted":[76],"Release":[80],"(Rel.)":[81],"13":[82],"study":[83],"item":[84],"indoor":[86],"enhancements.":[88],"Horizontal":[89],"vertical":[91],"accuracies":[92],"investigated":[94],"both":[96],"outdoor-only":[97],"outdoor-indoor":[99],"network":[100],"deployments.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}