{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065634123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","title":"WLAN and RFID Propagation channels for hybrid indoor positioning","display_name":"WLAN and RFID Propagation channels for hybrid indoor positioning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065634123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","mag":"2065634123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Localization and GNSS 2014 (ICL-GNSS 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063382658","display_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027284434","display_name":"Karoliina Koski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-5754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karoliina Koski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044609448","display_name":"Jukka Talvitie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-7666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka Talvitie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019438543","display_name":"Leena Ukkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-1070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leena Ukkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063382658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.14,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92541943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.7959309816360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7363333702087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.7138993144035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.6413552165031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5719041228294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.5280167460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.5052102208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4993581771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.464703232049942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.4301464259624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.41873544454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34475380182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.34050169587135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33990058302879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.32083773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13388916850090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1280709207057953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.08065369725227356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.7959309816360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7363333702087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.7138993144035339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.6413552165031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5719041228294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.5280167460441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5186368823051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.5052102208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4993581771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.464703232049942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.4301464259624481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41873544454574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34475380182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.34050169587135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33990058302879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.32083773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13388916850090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1280709207057953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08065369725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icl-gnss.2014.6934184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Localization and GNSS 2014 (ICL-GNSS 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490384816","https://openalex.org/W1968731770","https://openalex.org/W1984099223","https://openalex.org/W2005248638","https://openalex.org/W2005266231","https://openalex.org/W2040824660","https://openalex.org/W2059272462","https://openalex.org/W2095045496","https://openalex.org/W2115803829","https://openalex.org/W2118099695","https://openalex.org/W2152751100","https://openalex.org/W2330240921","https://openalex.org/W6652039798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2214790880","https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W3205324984","https://openalex.org/W4394923609","https://openalex.org/W2117413196","https://openalex.org/W2624760132","https://openalex.org/W4210686141","https://openalex.org/W2066754053","https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W4295932674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"localization":[1,86],"based":[2,69,219],"on":[3,9,70,130,166,220],"Received":[4],"Signal":[5],"Strengths":[6],"(RSS)":[7],"or":[8],"some":[10],"form":[11,90],"of":[12,91,176,202],"power":[13,72],"measurements":[14],"is":[15,77,199],"a":[16,119,140],"low-cost":[17],"and":[18,23,29,106,114,125,154,159,173,186,211,216],"low-complexity":[19],"solution":[20],"gaining":[21],"more":[22,24],"interest":[25],"in":[26,53,61,88,142,224],"the":[27,46,78,89,147,200,207],"research":[28],"commercial":[30],"worlds.":[31],"Typically,":[32],"Wireless":[33],"Local":[34],"Area":[35],"Network":[36],"(WLAN)":[37],"signals":[38,127,178,218],"are":[39,50,98,110,156,179],"employed":[40],"for":[41,67,101,151,190,214],"such":[42],"purpose,":[43],"due":[44],"to":[45,195,205],"fact":[47],"that":[48,146],"they":[49],"widely":[51],"spread":[52],"indoor":[54,62,112,143,167],"environments.":[55],"Nevertheless,":[56],"any":[57],"wireless":[58],"signal":[59,136,148],"available":[60],"scenarios":[63],"can":[64,117,138],"be":[65,196],"used":[66],"positioning":[68,191],"similar":[71],"measurement":[73,222],"approaches.":[74],"One":[75],"example":[76],"radio":[79],"frequency":[80,132],"identification":[81],"(RFID),":[82],"which":[83],"enable":[84],"portable":[85],"systems":[87,97],"wearable":[92],"RFID":[93,124,155,177,185,217],"tags.":[94],"Such":[95],"RFID-enabled":[96],"highly":[99],"demanded":[100],"health-state":[102],"monitoring,":[103],"object":[104],"tracking,":[105],"security.":[107],"These":[108],"applications":[109],"mostly":[111],"applications,":[113],"thus,":[115],"we":[116],"envision":[118],"near":[120],"future":[121],"where":[122],"multiple":[123,131],"WLAN":[126,153,187,215],"will":[128],"co-exist":[129],"bands.":[133],"The":[134],"existing":[135],"diversity":[137],"offer":[139],"benefit":[141],"positioning,":[144],"providing":[145],"propagation":[149],"effects":[150,175,213],"both":[152],"well":[157],"understood":[158],"taken":[160],"into":[161],"account.":[162],"However,":[163],"measurement-based":[164],"studies":[165],"channel":[168,188,209],"modeling,":[169],"including":[170],"path":[171],"loss":[172],"shadowing":[174,212],"still":[180],"missing.":[181],"A":[182],"comparison":[183],"between":[184],"models":[189,210],"purpose":[192,201],"has":[193],"yet":[194],"made.":[197],"It":[198],"our":[203],"paper":[204],"address":[206],"path-loss":[208],"extensive":[221],"campaigns":[223],"an":[225],"office":[226],"environment.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}