{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967112925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","title":"A mutual authentication protocol for low-cost RFID tags formally verified using CasperFDR and AVISPA","display_name":"A mutual authentication protocol for low-cost RFID tags formally verified using CasperFDR and AVISPA","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967112925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","mag":"1967112925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"8th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2013)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014442982","display_name":"Sarah Abughazalah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Abughazalah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109075806","display_name":"Kostantinos Markantonakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostantinos Markantonakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074962907","display_name":"Keith Mayes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Mayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Card Centre, Information Security Group (SCC-ISG), Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014442982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84020101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"44","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.7220445275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.7141277194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6794705390930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6167861819267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6130024194717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6025573015213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5595777630805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otway\u2013rees-protocol","display_name":"Otway\u2013Rees protocol","score":0.5499141812324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5493304133415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.5472452640533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.5436657071113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-secrecy","display_name":"Forward secrecy","score":0.48622050881385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.46231091022491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4585670232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.4569336771965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4021616578102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenge-handshake-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","score":0.3244190812110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2560502290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.11433771252632141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233191967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.7220445275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.7141277194023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6794705390930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6167861819267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6130024194717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6025573015213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5595777630805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35788789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320237","display_name":"Otway\u2013Rees protocol","level":5,"score":0.5499141812324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5493304133415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5472452640533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.5436657071113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.48622050881385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46231091022491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4585670232772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.4569336771965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4021616578102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207828512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060131","display_name":"Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.3244190812110901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2560502290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.11433771252632141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icitst.2013.6750160","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"8th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2013)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.675.3754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.675.3754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pure.rhul.ac.uk/portal/files/22930273/RFID_Protocol2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45798396","https://openalex.org/W77932805","https://openalex.org/W185046124","https://openalex.org/W639533671","https://openalex.org/W1485160328","https://openalex.org/W1531434127","https://openalex.org/W1687167769","https://openalex.org/W1930460466","https://openalex.org/W1964789195","https://openalex.org/W1975441856","https://openalex.org/W1977801586","https://openalex.org/W1985034074","https://openalex.org/W1999762147","https://openalex.org/W2021599127","https://openalex.org/W2024305358","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2041885665","https://openalex.org/W2055399382","https://openalex.org/W2079546775","https://openalex.org/W2087393057","https://openalex.org/W2088987594","https://openalex.org/W2096356985","https://openalex.org/W2099597169","https://openalex.org/W2099854998","https://openalex.org/W2112137829","https://openalex.org/W2113830925","https://openalex.org/W2113888999","https://openalex.org/W2114620376","https://openalex.org/W2115439808","https://openalex.org/W2115566664","https://openalex.org/W2115893326","https://openalex.org/W2117064875","https://openalex.org/W2134011023","https://openalex.org/W2152415010","https://openalex.org/W2152555831","https://openalex.org/W2155032609","https://openalex.org/W2170718011","https://openalex.org/W2183393020","https://openalex.org/W2353047880","https://openalex.org/W2354949716","https://openalex.org/W2355188094","https://openalex.org/W2361703362","https://openalex.org/W2365812861","https://openalex.org/W2386070979","https://openalex.org/W2553603086","https://openalex.org/W3013607954","https://openalex.org/W6603139566","https://openalex.org/W6631724614","https://openalex.org/W6676712205","https://openalex.org/W6682949532","https://openalex.org/W6730299574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362963703","https://openalex.org/W2388247877","https://openalex.org/W2364805998","https://openalex.org/W2059321297","https://openalex.org/W3201780008","https://openalex.org/W163180659","https://openalex.org/W2363600212","https://openalex.org/W2388928260","https://openalex.org/W3045615609","https://openalex.org/W2354841249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"Radio":[1],"Frequency":[2],"IDentification":[3],"(RFID)":[4],"systems":[5],"offer":[6],"many":[7],"remarkable":[8],"characteristics,":[9],"security":[10,32,104],"and":[11,31,38,50,65,93,106,129,142],"privacy":[12,30],"concerns":[13,33],"are":[14],"not":[15],"easy":[16],"to":[17,24,57,79,113],"address.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"aim":[23],"overcome":[25],"some":[26],"of":[27,74,147],"the":[28,59,72,75,84,87,91,103,135,145],"significant":[29],"by":[34],"proposing":[35],"a":[36,148],"simple":[37,51],"lightweight":[39],"RFID":[40],"mutual":[41],"authentication":[42,143],"protocol.":[43],"Our":[44,109],"protocol":[45,111,137],"is":[46],"utilising":[47],"hash":[48],"functions":[49],"bitwise":[52],"operations":[53],"in":[54,62],"an":[55,119],"attempt":[56],"extract":[58],"strengths":[60],"found":[61,70],"previous":[63],"protocols":[64,77],"avoid":[66],"their":[67],"deficiencies.":[68],"We":[69,117],"that":[71,134],"majority":[73],"proposed":[76,110,136],"fail":[78],"resist":[80],"DoS":[81],"attacks":[82],"when":[83],"attacker":[85],"blocks":[86],"messages":[88],"exchanged":[89],"between":[90],"reader":[92],"tag":[94],"more":[95],"than":[96],"once.":[97],"Moreover,":[98],"recent":[99],"research":[100],"focused":[101],"on":[102],"side":[105],"ignored":[107],"performance.":[108],"aims":[112],"solve":[114],"these":[115],"issues.":[116],"provide":[118],"informal":[120],"analysis":[121,126],"along":[122],"with":[123],"automated":[124],"formal":[125],"using":[127],"CasperFDR":[128],"AVISPA.":[130],"The":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"guarantees":[138],"secret":[139],"data":[140],"secrecy":[141],"under":[144],"presence":[146],"passive":[149],"adversary.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
