{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125828170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210","title":"A Study of Security Threats in IoT Network Layer using MQTT and TLS","display_name":"A Study of Security Threats in IoT Network Layer using MQTT and TLS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125828170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124020136","display_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124032019","display_name":"Rashid Mustafa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120792","display_name":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ntk65","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design,Department of Information Technology,Auckland,New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design,Department of Information Technology,Auckland,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123938458","display_name":"Pierre E. Abi-Char","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre E. Abi-Char","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124004906","display_name":"Rajanbir Singh Tucker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120792","display_name":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ntk65","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajanbir Singh Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design,Department of Information Technology,Auckland,New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design,Department of Information Technology,Auckland,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9711017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.4244000017642975,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.4244000017642975,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.08020000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.03420000150799751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-security","display_name":"Internet security","score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-association","display_name":"Security association","score":0.40130001306533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6927000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22111027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070427","display_name":"Internet security","level":4,"score":0.4106000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130881749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586894","display_name":"Security association","level":5,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117468950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208074","display_name":"Network layer","level":3,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14982408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006334","display_name":"Network Access Control","level":4,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148176105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206494","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394676","display_name":"Network security policy","level":4,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146739243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910948","display_name":"Internet layer","level":4,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7345512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209372","display_name":"Transport layer","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049210","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,93,111],"exponential":[1],"rise":[2],"in":[3,128],"the":[4,7,18,38,43,47,105,114],"usage":[5],"of":[6,9,46,50,85,95,116],"Internet":[8,49,84],"Things":[10,51,86],"has":[11],"brought":[12],"substantial":[13],"security":[14,39,74,108,125],"threats,":[15],"predominantly":[16],"at":[17],"network":[19,44,52],"layer,":[20],"where":[21],"data":[22,73],"transmission":[23],"is":[24],"susceptible":[25],"to":[26,42,63,120],"cyber-attacks":[27],"like":[28],"unauthorized":[29],"access,":[30],"message":[31],"manipulation,":[32],"and":[33,54,75,101,109,126],"denial-of-service.":[34],"This":[35],"study":[36,68],"examines":[37],"threats":[40],"related":[41],"layer":[45],"three-layer":[48],"architecture":[53],"assesses":[55],"how":[56,70],"well":[57],"Transport":[58],"Layer":[59],"Security":[60],"(TLS)":[61],"works":[62],"counteract":[64],"these":[65],"threats.":[66],"demonstrates":[69],"TLS":[71,103],"improves":[72],"integrity":[76],"while":[77],"adding":[78],"processing":[79],"overhead":[80],"using":[81],"a":[82,122],"simulated":[83],"environment":[87],"with":[88,100,131],"virtual":[89],"weather":[90],"monitoring":[91],"sensors.":[92],"comparison":[94],"round-trip":[96],"time":[97],"(RTT)":[98],"measurements":[99],"without":[102],"reveals":[104],"trade-off":[106],"between":[107,124],"performance.":[110],"results":[112],"highlight":[113],"necessity":[115],"efficient":[117],"encryption":[118],"techniques":[119],"strike":[121],"compromise":[123],"effectiveness":[127],"IoT":[129],"contexts":[130],"limited":[132],"resources.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}
