{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125796216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153","title":"Real-Time Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing in UAV Systems","display_name":"Real-Time Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing in UAV Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125796216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124004906","display_name":"Rajanbir Singh Tucker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120792","display_name":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ntk65","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajanbir Singh Tucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Whitecliffe,School of Information Technology,New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Whitecliffe,School of Information Technology,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124020136","display_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009337329","display_name":"Shahbaz Pervez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-2356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120792","display_name":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ntk65","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahbaz Pervez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Whitecliffe,School of Information Technology,New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Whitecliffe,School of Information Technology,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.8614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570099,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.6205999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.17090000212192535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.05139999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7886000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-autonomous-integrity-monitoring","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-signals","display_name":"GPS signals","score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.3587000072002411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7886000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5745000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5629000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94821174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135146","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","level":4,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12957241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15903792","display_name":"GPS signals","level":4,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111814575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550893","display_name":"IP address spoofing","level":5,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64950.2025.11049153","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 12th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6644117832183838,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,37,59,105,143],"increasing":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,61,110,134,137],"drones":[5,41,62,152],"for":[6,22,93,104],"commercial,":[7],"industrial,":[8],"and":[9,25,52,67,71,87,108,125,160],"military":[10],"applications,":[11],"global":[12],"positioning":[13,23],"system":[14,116],"(GPS)-based":[15],"navigation":[16,48],"is":[17],"most":[19],"critical":[20],"tool":[21],"accuracy":[24],"autonomous":[26,162],"decision-making.":[27],"GPS":[28,64,82,111],"spoofing":[29,65,112],"attacks,":[30],"however,":[31],"are":[32],"a":[33,127],"realistic":[34],"threat":[35],"with":[36,58,77,121,131,157],"potential":[38],"to":[39,63,145,150],"mislead":[40],"in":[42],"estimating":[43],"incorrect":[44],"positions,":[45],"thus":[46],"inducing":[47],"failures,":[49],"illegal":[50],"landings,":[51],"security":[53,148],"intrusions.":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56],"experimented":[57],"vulnerability":[60],"attacks":[66],"examined":[68],"various":[69],"mitigation":[70],"detection":[72,123,138],"strategies.":[73],"A":[74],"laboratory-controlled":[75],"setup":[76],"hardware":[78],"equipment,":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"receivers,":[83],"software":[84],"radio":[85],"(SDRs),":[86],"machine":[88],"learning":[89],"techniques,":[90],"was":[91,102],"used":[92,103],"anomaly":[94],"detection.":[95],"The":[96,114,140],"Drone":[97],"Flight":[98],"Path":[99],"Controller":[100],"interface":[101],"real-time":[106],"observation":[107],"evasion":[109],"attacks.":[113],"resultant":[115],"accurately":[117],"identified":[118],"spoofed":[119],"signals":[120],"97%":[122],"performance":[124],"initiated":[126],"return-to-home":[128],"(RTH)":[129],"mode":[130],"an":[132],"average":[133],"2.3":[135],"seconds":[136],"latency.":[139],"outcomes":[141],"emphasize":[142],"need":[144],"integrate":[146],"high-level":[147],"solutions":[149],"protect":[151],"against":[153],"GPS-based":[154],"cyberattacks,":[155],"along":[156],"enabling":[158],"safe":[159],"reliable":[161],"operation.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}