{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386246836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089","title":"Examining the Validity of Inference Rules: Utilizing Truth Tables and Contrapositive Analysis","display_name":"Examining the Validity of Inference Rules: Utilizing Truth Tables and Contrapositive Analysis","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386246836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017303499","display_name":"Fatima Quiam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-8111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Quiam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063416389","display_name":"Assal A. M. Alqudah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assal A. M. Alqudah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081576970","display_name":"Maher A. Nabulsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-0478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maher A. Nabulsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032974396","display_name":"Shadi AlZu\u2019bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadi AlZu'bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alzaytoonah University of Jordan,Department of Computer Science,Amman,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Alzaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017303499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55473842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"620","last_page":"624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11727","display_name":"Advanced Algebra and Logic","score":0.9492999911308289,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.8886184096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8299942016601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.7433270215988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-table","display_name":"Truth table","score":0.7244082093238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6619610786437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6101976037025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-value","display_name":"Truth value","score":0.5789673924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic-network","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","score":0.5350818037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-connective","display_name":"Logical connective","score":0.5227028131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5046862363815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4548114836215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-inference","display_name":"Fiducial inference","score":0.43859851360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-truth","display_name":"Logical truth","score":0.4202345311641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-inference","display_name":"Predictive inference","score":0.4200386703014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36490970849990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequentist-inference","display_name":"Frequentist inference","score":0.2761610448360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.274414598941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.24184855818748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19632312655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.12217870354652405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.8886184096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8299942016601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.7433270215988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56949724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219079","display_name":"Truth table","level":2,"score":0.7244082093238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6619610786437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6101976037025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46274116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185521","display_name":"Truth value","level":2,"score":0.5789673924446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18998212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246856","display_name":"Probabilistic logic network","level":5,"score":0.5350818037986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194989596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211790","display_name":"Logical connective","level":2,"score":0.5227028131484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5046862363815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4548114836215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95167961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4483495","display_name":"Fiducial inference","level":5,"score":0.43859851360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74727942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3311695","display_name":"Logical truth","level":2,"score":0.4202345311641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C917703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239668","display_name":"Predictive inference","level":5,"score":0.4200386703014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36490970849990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162376815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2158281","display_name":"Frequentist inference","level":4,"score":0.2761610448360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.274414598941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24184855818748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19632312655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.12217870354652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3845977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826262","display_name":"Autoepistemic logic","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203659156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934805","display_name":"Multimodal logic","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit58056.2023.10226089","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57269202","https://openalex.org/W171647941","https://openalex.org/W1567558468","https://openalex.org/W1570891932","https://openalex.org/W2004236507","https://openalex.org/W2022239108","https://openalex.org/W2751809630","https://openalex.org/W3144461199","https://openalex.org/W3214284937","https://openalex.org/W4212948507","https://openalex.org/W4231595794","https://openalex.org/W4254146372","https://openalex.org/W4285811081","https://openalex.org/W4386246836","https://openalex.org/W6803540158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376788341","https://openalex.org/W2361375926","https://openalex.org/W2380533324","https://openalex.org/W4214732606","https://openalex.org/W2105280133","https://openalex.org/W2348712105","https://openalex.org/W3149691445","https://openalex.org/W2341651163","https://openalex.org/W4241873018","https://openalex.org/W4366544912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"mathematical":[1,115,148],"discrete":[2,116,149],"logic,":[3],"rules":[4,24,104,135],"of":[5,25,44,58,61,69,86,102,105,123,133,136,144],"inference":[6,26],"play":[7],"a":[8,36,108],"fundamental":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,114,129,147],"reasoning":[12,113],"and":[13,81,100,126,142],"drawing":[14],"valid":[15],"conclusions.":[16],"This":[17,118],"paper":[18],"focuses":[19],"on":[20,90],"proving":[21],"the":[22,31,42,45,56,67,70,79,83,87,91,98,103,121,127,131,134],"common":[23],"using":[27],"truth":[28,53,76,84,93,124],"tables":[29,54,125],"for":[30,41,55,111],"contrapositive.":[32],"The":[33,72,95],"contrapositive":[34,57,92,128],"is":[35],"powerful":[37],"tool":[38],"that":[39],"allows":[40],"examination":[43],"logical":[46,112,145],"relationships":[47],"between":[48],"conditional":[49],"statements.":[50],"By":[51],"constructing":[52],"each":[59],"rule":[60],"inference,":[62,106,137],"we":[63],"can":[64],"systematically":[65],"evaluate":[66],"validity":[68,132],"rules.":[71],"analysis":[73],"involves":[74],"assigning":[75],"values":[77,85],"to":[78],"premises":[80],"determining":[82],"conclusions":[88],"based":[89],"tables.":[94],"results":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"consistency":[99],"soundness":[101],"providing":[107],"rigorous":[109],"foundation":[110],"logic.":[117,150],"approach":[119],"showcases":[120],"applicability":[122],"establishing":[130],"thereby":[138],"enhancing":[139],"our":[140],"understanding":[141],"utilization":[143],"principles":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
