{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174716838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","title":"ToF/Radar early feature-based fusion system for human detection and tracking","display_name":"ToF/Radar early feature-based fusion system for human detection and tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174716838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","mag":"3174716838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1591703","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046190715","display_name":"Feryel Zoghlami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feryel Zoghlami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022614059","display_name":"Okan Kamil Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okan Kamil Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023763753","display_name":"Harald Heinrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-0670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Heinrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110166711","display_name":"Germar Schneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Germar Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies Dresden GmbH & Co. KG, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025522331","display_name":"Eme\u00e7 Er\u00e7elik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-0475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emec Ercelik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Knoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, M\u00fcnchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027248793","display_name":"Thomas Villmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116397343","display_name":"Hochschule Mittweida","ror":"https://ror.org/024ga3r86","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Villmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116397343"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046190715"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95397676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"942","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6533701419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5684537291526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5646778345108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5593196749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5531936883926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.520403265953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.514025092124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5026340484619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47966909408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.46368613839149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4540477991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.41015443205833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2768440246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14030206203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13041305541992188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6533701419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5684537291526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5646778345108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5593196749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5531936883926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.520403265953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.514025092124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5026340484619141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47966909408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.46368613839149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4540477991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.41015443205833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2768440246582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14030206203460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13041305541992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit46573.2021.9453703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1591703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1591703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1591703","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1591703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1582660696","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1989698843","https://openalex.org/W1994691148","https://openalex.org/W2030878855","https://openalex.org/W2056429590","https://openalex.org/W2059453052","https://openalex.org/W2092035070","https://openalex.org/W2115062727","https://openalex.org/W2116113712","https://openalex.org/W2125141403","https://openalex.org/W2323281198","https://openalex.org/W2609869337","https://openalex.org/W2748483158","https://openalex.org/W2785968474","https://openalex.org/W2805964635","https://openalex.org/W2904129867","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637131181"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329452785","https://openalex.org/W2356380379","https://openalex.org/W4211102881","https://openalex.org/W2380555098","https://openalex.org/W2393075050","https://openalex.org/W2768693981","https://openalex.org/W2358300336","https://openalex.org/W2892491264","https://openalex.org/W2106873527","https://openalex.org/W4244197296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"4.0":[1],"has":[2,167],"become":[3],"a":[4,50,86,111,118,157,161,200],"general":[5],"keyword":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,15,26,34,42,54,81,105,145,184,187,219,227],"last":[9],"years.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12,83,136,209,234],"based":[13],"on":[14,104,160,226],"inclusion":[16],"of":[17,107,113,186,229],"automation":[18],"by":[19],"increasing":[20],"connectivity":[21],"in":[22,53,69,80,100,144,156,181,199,248],"various":[23],"tasks":[24],"during":[25],"production":[27,59],"process.":[28],"This":[29],"fact":[30],"did":[31],"not":[32],"exclude":[33],"human's":[35],"effort":[36],"whose":[37],"presence":[38],"remains":[39],"important,":[40],"especially":[41],"interaction":[43],"between":[44],"humans":[45,64,139],"and":[46,65,79,117,127,140,171,218,223],"robots":[47,66],"will":[48],"be":[49,153],"key":[51],"element":[52],"future":[55,82],"manufacturing.":[56],"In":[57],"automated":[58],"lines,":[60],"we":[61],"find":[62],"both":[63],"operating":[67],"side-by-side":[68],"hybrid":[70],"workplaces.":[71],"The":[72,97,123,134,148,191,206],"major":[73],"focus":[74],"for":[75],"this":[76,101],"workplaces":[77],"today":[78],"to":[84,137,179,196,213,236],"establish":[85],"safe":[87],"work":[88],"environment.":[89],"However,":[90],"what":[91],"if":[92],"safety":[93],"meets":[94],"\"collaborative":[95],"efficiency\"?":[96],"system":[98,151,192,208],"presented":[99],"paper":[102],"relies":[103],"fusion":[106,189],"data":[108,124,188],"coming":[109],"from":[110],"Time":[112],"Flight":[114],"(ToF)":[115],"sensor":[116],"60":[119],"GHz":[120],"radar":[121],"sensor.":[122],"are":[125],"analyzed":[126],"evaluated":[128],"using":[129],"deep":[130],"learning":[131],"(DL)":[132],"algorithms.":[133],"purpose":[135],"detect":[138,194],"track":[141],"their":[142],"movements":[143],"observed":[146],"area.":[147],"resulted":[149],"perception":[150],"can":[152,193],"installed":[154],"somewhere":[155],"room":[158],"or":[159],"moving":[162],"system.":[163,190],"A":[164],"first":[165],"demonstrator":[166],"been":[168],"developed,":[169],"tested":[170],"evaluated.":[172],"An":[173],"additional":[174],"graphical":[175],"interface":[176],"was":[177],"developed":[178,231],"show":[180],"real":[182],"time":[183],"capability":[185],"up":[195],"5":[197],"persons":[198],"selected":[201],"area":[202],"with":[203],"98%":[204],"confidentiality.":[205],"so-described":[207],"able":[210],"as":[211,241,243],"well":[212,242],"estimate":[214],"each":[215],"person":[216],"DoM":[217],"person's":[220],"instantaneous":[221],"speed":[222],"position.":[224],"Based":[225],"output":[228],"our":[230],"system,":[232],"it":[233],"possible":[235],"define":[237],"industrial":[238],"use":[239],"cases":[240],"many":[244],"other":[245],"different":[246,249],"applications":[247],"fields.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-12T23:16:27.785689","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}