{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2932317951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","title":"OPC UA versus ROS, DDS, and MQTT: Performance Evaluation of Industry 4.0 Protocols","display_name":"OPC UA versus ROS, DDS, and MQTT: Performance Evaluation of Industry 4.0 Protocols","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2932317951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","mag":"2932317951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1470362","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004608928","display_name":"Stefan Profanter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-0348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Profanter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057596072","display_name":"Ayhun Tekat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayhun Tekat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061194614","display_name":"Kirill Dorofeev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirill Dorofeev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003833130","display_name":"Markus Rickert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6264-0888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Rickert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134795","display_name":"Fortiss","ror":"https://ror.org/042x1tp92","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alois Knoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fortiss, An-Institut Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134795","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.3157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":196,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99621619,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"955","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.8352473378181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7778377532958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.6756651401519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.632485032081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6315559148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5977367758750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5718677043914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.5693831443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-area-network","display_name":"Local area network","score":0.42383596301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4010663628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3317441940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29899346828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.07670578360557556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.8352473378181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7778377532958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.6756651401519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.632485032081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6315559148788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5977367758750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5718677043914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.5693831443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137471899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11381","display_name":"Local area network","level":2,"score":0.42383596301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4010663628578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3317441940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29899346828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.07670578360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755050","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1470362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1470362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1470362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1470362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026640816","https://openalex.org/W2043346867","https://openalex.org/W2093721929","https://openalex.org/W2423340846","https://openalex.org/W2441111165","https://openalex.org/W2501603614","https://openalex.org/W2508806668","https://openalex.org/W2530771494","https://openalex.org/W2531197751","https://openalex.org/W2768493713","https://openalex.org/W2769290583","https://openalex.org/W2791007685","https://openalex.org/W2885699132","https://openalex.org/W2898834340","https://openalex.org/W6724884562","https://openalex.org/W6728411049","https://openalex.org/W6746139579","https://openalex.org/W6753696284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252876460","https://openalex.org/W2019028757","https://openalex.org/W2092197028","https://openalex.org/W3161270463","https://openalex.org/W1991635027","https://openalex.org/W2350746670","https://openalex.org/W2160673385","https://openalex.org/W2753129407","https://openalex.org/W2051794297","https://openalex.org/W2539674290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ethernet-based":[0],"protocols":[1,33,84],"are":[2],"getting":[3],"more":[4,6,54],"and":[5,11,25,49,71,101],"important":[7,32],"for":[8,67,117],"Industry":[9],"4.0":[10],"the":[12,21,30,64,75,87,113,121],"Internet":[13],"of":[14,27,29,44,82,91],"Things.":[15],"In":[16,74],"this":[17,35],"paper,":[18],"we":[19,38,78],"compare":[20],"features,":[22],"package":[23],"overhead,":[24],"performance":[26,76,106],"some":[28],"most":[31],"in":[34,93],"area.":[36],"First,":[37],"present":[39],"a":[40,53,69,110],"general":[41],"feature":[42],"comparison":[43],"OPC":[45],"UA,":[46],"ROS,":[47],"DDS,":[48],"MQTT,":[50],"followed":[51],"by":[52,85],"detailed":[55],"wire":[56],"protocol":[57,65],"evaluation,":[58],"which":[59],"gives":[60],"an":[61],"overview":[62],"over":[63],"overhead":[66],"establishing":[68],"connection":[70],"sending":[72],"data.":[73],"tests":[77],"evaluate":[79],"open-source":[80],"implementations":[81],"these":[83],"measuring":[86,112],"round":[88,114],"trip":[89,115],"time":[90,116],"messages":[92],"different":[94],"system":[95],"states:":[96],"idle,":[97],"high":[98,102],"CPU":[99],"load,":[100],"network":[103],"load.":[104],"The":[105],"analysis":[107],"concludes":[108],"with":[109],"test":[111],"500":[118],"nodes":[119],"on":[120],"same":[122],"host.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
