{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2416807570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","title":"Alternative design for optical incremental encoder measurement systems","display_name":"Alternative design for optical incremental encoder measurement systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2416807570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","mag":"2416807570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086432913","display_name":"Abdul Waheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-4605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895","https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086746405","display_name":"Lilong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-9645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895","https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086432913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85981459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"634","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.7817440032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.721835732460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6428494453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotary-encoder","display_name":"Rotary encoder","score":0.5581853985786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.5239256024360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.49395352602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4902213215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4734496772289276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4576801657676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.45433834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44424688816070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.42458975315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3469506502151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14949682354927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13653796911239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09205672144889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08781272172927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07509195804595947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.7817440032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.721835732460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6428494453430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37488316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53699","display_name":"Rotary encoder","level":3,"score":0.5581853985786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.5239256024360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.49395352602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4902213215827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4734496772289276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4576801657676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.45433834195137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44424688816070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.42458975315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3469506502151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14949682354927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13653796911239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09205672144889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08781272172927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07509195804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2016.7474823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-77834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-77834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489666466","https://openalex.org/W1549219976","https://openalex.org/W1983073581","https://openalex.org/W2069846735","https://openalex.org/W2087484821","https://openalex.org/W2138898866","https://openalex.org/W2182495630","https://openalex.org/W2801179766","https://openalex.org/W4300223101","https://openalex.org/W6685852837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092896760","https://openalex.org/W2373662871","https://openalex.org/W2168195809","https://openalex.org/W2068021791","https://openalex.org/W2313879336","https://openalex.org/W998225366","https://openalex.org/W4205612800","https://openalex.org/W1970044251","https://openalex.org/W2322736329","https://openalex.org/W1972118934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"encoder":[1,110],"system":[2,45,111,121],"is":[3,15,51,100,112,122],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"as":[6,25],"a":[7,11],"passive":[8],"device":[9],"within":[10],"controller":[12,19],"system.":[13,30,127,142],"It":[14],"sampled":[16],"by":[17,68,167],"the":[18,21,28,88,119],"with":[20,94],"same":[22],"sampling":[23,41,116,138],"time":[24,34,42,117],"that":[26],"of":[27,38,43,58,155,163,176],"control":[29,44,126],"Control":[31],"loop":[32],"requires":[33],"to":[35,62,148],"execute":[36],"set":[37],"commands":[39],"hence":[40],"cannot":[46],"be":[47,132,172],"very":[48],"small":[49],"and":[50,65,72],"generally":[52],"fixed.":[53],"This":[54],"limitation":[55],"made":[56,123,145],"utilization":[57],"M/T":[59,169],"method":[60,74],"unavoidable":[61],"measure":[63],"high":[64,137],"low":[66],"speeds":[67],"switching":[69,89],"between":[70],"M":[71],"T":[73],"at":[75,87],"certain":[76],"point.":[77],"Error":[78,174],"analysis":[79,175],"conducted":[80],"in":[81,114,182],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"showed":[84,179],"high-valued":[85],"errors":[86,164],"instance.":[90],"Inherent":[91],"error":[92],"associated":[93],"M-Method,":[95],"i.e.":[96],"yielding":[97],"average":[98],"speed,":[99],"also":[101],"pointed":[102],"out.":[103],"To":[104],"overcome":[105],"these":[106],"problems,":[107],"an":[108],"alternative":[109],"proposed,":[113],"which":[115],"for":[118,140,152],"measurement":[120,141,157],"independent":[124],"from":[125],"Therefore,":[128],"there":[129],"will":[130],"not":[131],"any":[133],"restriction":[134],"on":[135],"using":[136,168],"frequency":[139],"Proposed":[143],"strategy":[144,178],"it":[146],"possible":[147],"use":[149],"T-Method,":[150],"only,":[151],"entire":[153],"range":[154],"speed":[156],"without":[158],"compromising":[159],"accuracy.":[160],"Hence,":[161],"sources":[162],"usually":[165],"encountered":[166],"Method":[170],"can":[171],"avoided.":[173],"proposed":[177],"notable":[180],"improvement":[181],"measurements.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}