{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391093485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533","title":"Positioning Based on Factor Graph Optimization with GNSS Pseudorange Measurements from Smartphones","display_name":"Positioning Based on Factor Graph Optimization with GNSS Pseudorange Measurements from Smartphones","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391093485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 6th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448220","display_name":"Song Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-0256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058061440","display_name":"Honglei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1952-1902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075111829","display_name":"Xiaomei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-033X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048460843","display_name":"Peng\u2010Cheng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000176820","display_name":"Feixue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-3740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feixue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,College of Electronic Science and Technology,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100448220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09475179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorange","display_name":"Pseudorange","score":0.9129782915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9074556827545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943607330322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6708911061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.6229076981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4953376352787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.4801563620567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4732794463634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.46822047233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4587628245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-positioning","display_name":"Dynamic positioning","score":0.4490521550178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4443693161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43041083216667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.42076390981674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35448718070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21960526704788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1576526165008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14579111337661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11895868182182312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174201072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187347","display_name":"Pseudorange","level":4,"score":0.9129782915115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9074556827545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943607330322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6708911061286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.6229076981544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4953376352787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.4801563620567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4732794463634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.46822047233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4587628245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105331701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268965","display_name":"Dynamic positioning","level":2,"score":0.4490521550178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4443693161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43041083216667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.42076390981674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35448718070983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21960526704788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1576526165008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14579111337661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11895868182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciscae59047.2023.10393533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 6th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545923740","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W2161248118","https://openalex.org/W2746349752","https://openalex.org/W2905091428","https://openalex.org/W2972996699","https://openalex.org/W3003263134","https://openalex.org/W4386420724","https://openalex.org/W6687260362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903566963","https://openalex.org/W4389506233","https://openalex.org/W1670500579","https://openalex.org/W2808842935","https://openalex.org/W4289260208","https://openalex.org/W2921447454","https://openalex.org/W2778376493","https://openalex.org/W3206400163","https://openalex.org/W2387495846","https://openalex.org/W2065350823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,107,118,134,145],"Global":[1],"Navigation":[2],"Satellite":[3],"System":[4],"(GNSS)":[5],"is":[6,55,65,100,105,112,137,151],"playing":[7],"an":[8],"increasingly":[9],"critical":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,41,58,89,96],"providing":[13],"positioning,":[14],"navigation,":[15],"and":[16,33,121,127,164],"timing":[17],"services.":[18],"This":[19],"work":[20],"focuses":[21],"on":[22],"the":[23,42,59,62,70,74,76,79,84,87,94,131,141,156,159,162],"positioning":[24],"performance":[25],"of":[26,158],"GNSS":[27,43],"receivers.":[28],"least":[30],"squares":[31],"(LS)":[32],"Kalman":[34],"filter":[35],"(KF)":[36],"approaches":[37],"are":[38,124],"widely":[39],"used":[40,66,128],"community.":[44],"However,":[45,92],"these":[46],"methods":[47],"have":[48],"their":[49],"shortcomings":[50],"because":[51],"not":[52],"all":[53],"information":[54,64,95,104],"used.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"LS,":[60,75],"only":[61,93],"measurement":[63,122],"to":[67,73,82,114,129,139,154],"solve":[68],"for":[69],"position.":[71],"Compared":[72],"KF":[77,165],"uses":[78],"dynamic":[80],"model":[81],"exploit":[83],"relationship":[85],"between":[86],"position":[88,143],"adjacent":[90,98],"epochs.":[91],"two":[97],"epochs":[99],"used,":[101],"while":[102],"historical":[103],"discarded.":[106],"factor":[108],"graph":[109],"optimization":[110,135],"(FGO)":[111],"presented":[113],"overcome":[115],"this":[116],"problem.":[117],"state":[119],"transition":[120],"models":[123],"considered":[125],"constraints":[126],"construct":[130],"cost":[132],"function.":[133],"problem":[136],"solved":[138],"obtain":[140],"optimal":[142],"estimate.":[144],"field":[146],"test":[147],"with":[148],"a":[149],"smartphone":[150],"carried":[152],"out":[153],"confirm":[155],"superiority":[157],"FGO":[160],"over":[161],"LS":[163],"methods.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
