{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213982204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","title":"A Vision Transformer with Improved LeFF and Vision Combinative Self-attention Mechanism for Waste Image Classification","display_name":"A Vision Transformer with Improved LeFF and Vision Combinative Self-attention Mechanism for Waste Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213982204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","mag":"3213982204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106575667","display_name":"Yuxiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6735-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069532193","display_name":"Di Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-7930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056999357","display_name":"Wuchao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8789-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056843684","display_name":"Shang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7144-4096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102431426","display_name":"Jiabin Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiabin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684837","display_name":"Lixin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6089-694X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086927845","display_name":"Zengrong Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengrong Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Jet-voice Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Jet-voice Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15020725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"122","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7465481162071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6290578842163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.628046989440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5684258937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.4688718616962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-vision","display_name":"Machine vision","score":0.42348435521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41980451345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.41396987438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38700324296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37522053718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3747705817222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2589815855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17134344577789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13282117247581482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7465481162071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6290578842163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.628046989440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5684258937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.4688718616962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.42348435521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41980451345443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.41396987438201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38700324296951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37522053718566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3747705817222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2589815855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17134344577789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13282117247581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2065391104","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2462831000","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2921825282","https://openalex.org/W2940744433","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963542740","https://openalex.org/W2963855133","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964153283","https://openalex.org/W2968917279","https://openalex.org/W2971315489","https://openalex.org/W2976135203","https://openalex.org/W2997871480","https://openalex.org/W3015468748","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3136416617","https://openalex.org/W3170874841","https://openalex.org/W4285051865","https://openalex.org/W4323654151","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6718683173","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6761628794","https://openalex.org/W6763310536","https://openalex.org/W6763509872","https://openalex.org/W6768001205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2318112981","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4210874298","https://openalex.org/W3092853220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"many":[2],"challenges":[3],"exist":[4],"in":[5,119,164],"the":[6,29,32,90,104,108,131,137,149,172,206],"application":[7],"of":[8,31,64,107,136,151,174],"waste":[9,166],"image":[10,14,156,167],"classification":[11],"including":[12],"high":[13,158,189],"resolution,":[15],"background":[16],"noise":[17],"interference":[18],"and":[19,60,93,134,177,183,199],"low":[20],"computational":[21,152,201],"efficiency,":[22],"which":[23,42,66],"makes":[24,67],"a":[25,47,78,187],"great":[26],"impact":[27],"on":[28],"accuracy":[30,45,135,173,190],"algorithm.":[33],"Generally,":[34],"convolutional":[35],"neural":[36],"network":[37],"related":[38],"strategy":[39,99],"is":[40,52,81,100],"adopted,":[41],"can":[43,180],"improve":[44,103,130],"to":[46,54,70,102,129,147],"certain":[48],"extent.":[49],"But":[50],"it":[51,68,87],"prone":[53],"getting":[55],"interfered":[56],"by":[57],"irrelevant":[58],"information":[59],"has":[61],"large":[62],"size":[63],"parameters,":[65],"difficult":[69],"be":[71,193],"deployed":[72],"for":[73,155],"those":[74],"resource-limited":[75],"applications.":[76],"Thus,":[77],"Vision":[79,85,121,143],"Transformer":[80,122],"proposed.":[82],"By":[83],"using":[84],"Transformer,":[86],"significantly":[88],"improves":[89],"anti-interference":[91],"ability":[92,106],"reduces":[94],"parameter":[95],"scale.":[96],"Furthermore,":[97],"distillation":[98],"adopted":[101],"generalization":[105],"model.":[109,138],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"this":[112],"paper":[113,140],"replaces":[114],"multilayer":[115],"perceptron":[116],"(MLP)":[117],"layer":[118],"base":[120],"with":[123,157,169],"improved":[124],"Locally-enhanced":[125],"Feed-Forward":[126],"(improved":[127],"LeFF)":[128],"convergence":[132],"speed":[133],"This":[139],"also":[141],"proposes":[142],"combinative":[144],"self-attention":[145],"algorithm":[146],"reduce":[148],"requirements":[150],"resources":[153,202],"especially":[154],"resolution.":[159],"The":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"79002":[165],"datasets":[168],"198":[170],"types,":[171],"training":[175,197],"set":[176,179],"test":[178],"reach":[181],"99.98%":[182],"95.03%":[184],"respectively.":[185],"Meanwhile,":[186],"relatively":[188],"rate":[191],"could":[192],"achieved":[194],"within":[195],"less":[196,200],"epoch":[198],"are":[203],"required":[204],"during":[205],"operation.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}