{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979859351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","title":"On the Uncertainty of Technical Debt Measurements","display_name":"On the Uncertainty of Technical Debt Measurements","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979859351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","mag":"1979859351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041998052","display_name":"Clemente Izurieta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1002-3906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Clemente Izurieta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044678599","display_name":"Isaac Griffith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-9682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083937144","display_name":"Derek Reimanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek Reimanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010508719","display_name":"Rachael Luhr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23732399","display_name":"Montana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w0trx84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23732399","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachael Luhr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Montana State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041998052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23732399"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95012071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.8403142690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.6655744314193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6567294597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6081355214118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5539952516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5452861785888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-error","display_name":"Random error","score":0.4902504086494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-error","display_name":"Systematic error","score":0.47578608989715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4400229752063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.41590118408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.4009864330291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.39222225546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37220144271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.33066534996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.24722859263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19806340336799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17432737350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16969230771064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14400336146354675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.8403142690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.6655744314193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6567294597625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6081355214118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5539952516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5452861785888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73782692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Random error","level":2,"score":0.4902504086494446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100253034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Systematic error","level":2,"score":0.47578608989715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4400229752063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.41590118408203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009864330291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.39222225546836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37220144271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.33066534996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.24722859263420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19806340336799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17432737350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16969230771064758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14400336146354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icisa.2013.6579461","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.710.6221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.710.6221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.montana.edu/izurieta/pubs/ICISA_TD_2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586251589","https://openalex.org/W1976902149","https://openalex.org/W1987270873","https://openalex.org/W2002463736","https://openalex.org/W2013797311","https://openalex.org/W2082792969","https://openalex.org/W2116667392","https://openalex.org/W2148802839","https://openalex.org/W2216905672","https://openalex.org/W2348336253","https://openalex.org/W2787379525","https://openalex.org/W3146212093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1069751508","https://openalex.org/W2551243130","https://openalex.org/W1491406338","https://openalex.org/W2789944893","https://openalex.org/W3154981452","https://openalex.org/W33505097","https://openalex.org/W101272267","https://openalex.org/W4248540261","https://openalex.org/W2348646482","https://openalex.org/W1556987481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measurements":[0],"are":[1,26,37],"subject":[2,151],"to":[3,87,99,118],"random":[4,33],"and":[5,96,155],"systematic":[6,44,103],"errors,":[7],"yet":[8],"almost":[9],"no":[10],"study":[11,141],"in":[12,18,40,69,105,169],"software":[13,89,170],"engineering":[14,90,171],"makes":[15],"significant":[16],"efforts":[17],"reporting":[19,55,112],"these":[20],"errors.":[21,45],"Whilst":[22],"established":[23,67],"statistical":[24],"techniques":[25,36,64,125,156],"well":[27,109],"suited":[28],"for":[29,61,128,152],"the":[30,41,70,100,111,124,129,140,159],"analysis":[31],"of":[32,43,54,57,75,102,113,131,142,145],"error,":[34],"such":[35,114],"not":[38],"valid":[39],"presence":[42],"We":[46,92,138],"propose":[47],"a":[48,149],"departure":[49],"from":[50,66,135,158],"de-":[51],"facto":[52],"methods":[53,68],"results":[56],"technical":[58,79,146],"debt":[59,80,147],"measurements":[60],"more":[62],"rigorous":[63],"drawn":[65],"physical":[71,160],"sciences.":[72],"This":[73],"line":[74],"inquiry":[76],"focuses":[77],"on":[78],"calculations;":[81],"however":[82],"it":[83],"can":[84,166],"be":[85,167],"generalized":[86],"quantitative":[88],"studies.":[91],"pose":[93],"research":[94,154],"questions":[95],"seek":[97],"answers":[98],"identification":[101],"errors":[104,115],"metric-based":[106],"tools,":[107],"as":[108,110],"when":[116],"subjected":[117],"propagation.":[119],"Exploratory":[120],"investigations":[121],"reveal":[122],"that":[123,133,165],"suggested":[126],"allow":[127],"comparison":[130],"uncertainties":[132],"come":[134],"differing":[136],"sources.":[137],"suggest":[139],"error":[143],"propagation":[144],"is":[148],"worthwhile":[150],"further":[153],"seeded":[157],"sciences":[161],"present":[162],"viable":[163],"options":[164],"used":[168],"reporting.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}