{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402916512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451","title":"Towards the Detection of AI-Synthesized Human Face Images","display_name":"Towards the Detection of AI-Synthesized Human Face Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402916512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101616392","display_name":"Yuhang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E8;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E8;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082188773","display_name":"Touradj Ebrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-3687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Touradj Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E8;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E8;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Multimedia Signal Processing Group (MMSPG)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101616392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84726322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3778","last_page":"3784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8037999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.8037999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6812193393707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5993949174880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5976420640945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5926746129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5744640231132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.4324973225593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.3757592737674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34163913130760193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6812193393707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5993949174880981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5976420640945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5926746129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5744640231132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.4324973225593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.3757592737674713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34163913130760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647451","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2811414481","https://openalex.org/W2907295878","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2979259381","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W2991318208","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034577585","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3133672610","https://openalex.org/W3173126908","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W3180355996","https://openalex.org/W4308237189","https://openalex.org/W4312388562","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4375869427","https://openalex.org/W4386071953","https://openalex.org/W4386075954","https://openalex.org/W4390191016","https://openalex.org/W4390873235","https://openalex.org/W4391778999","https://openalex.org/W4392402304","https://openalex.org/W6625168331","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6679045638","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6756925667","https://openalex.org/W6757093574","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6775642233","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6795288823","https://openalex.org/W6811424244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181570714","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2970510692","https://openalex.org/W2151699605","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,14,32,43,60,113,122,134],"past":[2],"years,":[3],"image":[4,36,71],"generation":[5],"and":[6,102,116],"manipulation":[7,37],"have":[8,26,66,130],"achieved":[9],"remarkable":[10,68],"progress":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,30,54,76,110,137,155],"rapid":[15],"development":[16],"of":[17,34,45,105,118],"generative":[18,84,128,158],"AI":[19],"based":[20],"on":[21],"deep":[22],"learning.":[23],"Recent":[24],"studies":[25],"devoted":[27],"significant":[28],"efforts":[29],"address":[31],"problem":[33,44],"face":[35,49,94],"caused":[38],"by":[39,82,97,126],"deepfake":[40],"techniques.":[41],"However,":[42],"detecting":[46],"purely":[47],"synthesized":[48,79],"images":[50,80,95],"has":[51,107],"been":[52,108,131],"explored":[53],"a":[55,89,103,146],"lesser":[56],"extent.":[57],"In":[58,86],"particular,":[59],"recent":[61],"popular":[62],"Diffusion":[63],"Models":[64],"(DMs)":[65],"shown":[67],"success":[69],"in":[70,133],"synthesis.":[72],"Existing":[73],"detectors":[74],"struggle":[75],"generalize":[77,153],"between":[78],"created":[81],"different":[83,127],"models.":[85,159],"this":[87],"work,":[88],"comprehensive":[90],"benchmark":[91],"including":[92],"human":[93],"produced":[96],"Generative":[98],"Adversarial":[99],"Networks":[100],"(GANs)":[101],"variety":[104],"DMs":[106],"established":[109],"evaluate":[111],"both":[112],"generalization":[114],"ability":[115],"robustness":[117],"state-of-the-art":[119],"detectors.":[120],"Then,":[121],"forgery":[123],"traces":[124],"introduced":[125],"models":[129],"analyzed":[132],"frequency":[135,150],"domain":[136],"draw":[138],"various":[139],"insights.":[140],"The":[141],"paper":[142],"further":[143],"demonstrates":[144],"that":[145],"detector":[147],"trained":[148],"with":[149],"representation":[151],"can":[152],"well":[154],"other":[156],"unseen":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
