{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386598320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556","title":"Confidence-Aware Clustered Landmark Filtering For Hybrid 3D Face Tracking","display_name":"Confidence-Aware Clustered Landmark Filtering For Hybrid 3D Face Tracking","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386598320","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076865045","display_name":"Jilliam Mar\u00eda D\u00edaz Barros","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jilliam Mar\u00eda D\u00edaz Barros","raw_affiliation_strings":["RPTU Kaiserslautern","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RPTU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385862","display_name":"Chenyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-7662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["RPTU Kaiserslautern"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RPTU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051650277","display_name":"Didier Stricker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8794-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didier Stricker","raw_affiliation_strings":["RPTU Kaiserslautern","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RPTU Kaiserslautern","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000984202","display_name":"Jason Rambach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-6789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Rambach","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076865045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10817438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2945","last_page":"2949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11322","display_name":"Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9375853538513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8126122951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8112208843231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.785658061504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5874982476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5671780109405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.540422260761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5095458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49682357907295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-motion-capture","display_name":"Facial motion capture","score":0.4627985656261444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4490184187889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.39858293533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3759266138076782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9375853538513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8126122951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8112208843231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.785658061504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5874982476234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5671780109405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.540422260761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5095458626747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49682357907295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98907195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428562","display_name":"Facial motion capture","level":5,"score":0.4627985656261444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4490184187889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.39858293533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3759266138076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201076662","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1946919140","https://openalex.org/W2038891881","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2151802865","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2265959009","https://openalex.org/W2311778361","https://openalex.org/W2399512112","https://openalex.org/W2599226450","https://openalex.org/W2770954069","https://openalex.org/W2799930024","https://openalex.org/W2806459193","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W2903334941","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2960333769","https://openalex.org/W2962921904","https://openalex.org/W2963342110","https://openalex.org/W2963349720","https://openalex.org/W2964325361","https://openalex.org/W2970152259","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2999748665","https://openalex.org/W3010526057","https://openalex.org/W3036526054","https://openalex.org/W3104300620","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W3122663073","https://openalex.org/W3180794345","https://openalex.org/W3204715535","https://openalex.org/W4226087396","https://openalex.org/W4312472600","https://openalex.org/W6745872015","https://openalex.org/W6780140667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W53042703","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2080594779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,28],"facial":[3],"landmarks":[4],"in":[5,13,77],"2D":[6],"images":[7],"has":[8],"received":[9],"a":[10,20,43,51],"great":[11],"attention":[12],"the":[14,29,74,94],"last":[15],"decade,":[16],"as":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19],"key":[21],"step":[22],"for":[23],"several":[24],"computer-vision-related":[25],"applications.":[26],"Most":[27],"approaches":[30],"are":[31,37],"focused":[32],"on":[33,56,93,100],"still":[34],"images,":[35],"and":[36,85,102],"extended":[38],"to":[39],"videos":[40],"by":[41],"using":[42],"tracking-by-detection":[44],"scheme.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"frame-to-frame":[52],"tracking":[53],"module":[54],"based":[55],"grouped-landmark":[57],"Kalman":[58],"filters":[59],"that":[60,87],"can":[61],"be":[62],"integrated":[63],"into":[64],"existing":[65,89],"deep-learning-based":[66],"3D":[67],"face":[68,104],"alignment":[69,105],"pipelines.":[70],"This":[71],"method":[72],"improves":[73],"landmark":[75],"accuracy":[76],"cases":[78],"with":[79],"large":[80],"occlusion,":[81],"extreme":[82],"head":[83],"poses":[84],"blurriness":[86],"affect":[88],"approaches.":[90,106],"Our":[91],"experiments":[92],"Menpo":[95],"3DA-2D":[96],"benchmark":[97],"show":[98],"improvements":[99],"model-free":[101],"3D-model-based":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}