{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386615759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356","title":"Robust Face Anti-Spoofing Framework with Convolutional Vision Transformer","display_name":"Robust Face Anti-Spoofing Framework with Convolutional Vision Transformer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386615759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027209792","display_name":"Yunseung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-3869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207623266","display_name":"Kao Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016t1kc57","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunseung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024529521","display_name":"Youngjun Kwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207623266","display_name":"Kao Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016t1kc57","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]}],"countries":["JP","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjun Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Republic of Korea","Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107445287","display_name":"Jin\u2010Ho Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-3251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207623266","display_name":"Kao Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/016t1kc57","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinho Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp,Division of Research and Development,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, KakaoBank Corp, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027209792"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207623266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80018779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1015","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12009","display_name":"Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies","score":0.944599986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7903590202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7888547778129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7191380858421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6655468344688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5677046775817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4908905625343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4619804620742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4516529142856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4175880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4126265347003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39401718974113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08113107085227966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7903590202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7888547778129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7191380858421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6655468344688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5677046775817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4908905625343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4619804620742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4516529142856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4175880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4126265347003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39401718974113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08113107085227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icip49359.2023.10222356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2952476201","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2971810730","https://openalex.org/W2978680233","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W2998163473","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035436173","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3132882818","https://openalex.org/W3137278571","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3159891475","https://openalex.org/W3171087525","https://openalex.org/W3183943918","https://openalex.org/W3203066490","https://openalex.org/W3205638629","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4221167490","https://openalex.org/W4225266656","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4285061161","https://openalex.org/W4287022992","https://openalex.org/W4287080402","https://openalex.org/W4306832857","https://openalex.org/W4312374582","https://openalex.org/W4312847199","https://openalex.org/W4375869132","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6796931752","https://openalex.org/W6800217721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Owing":[0],"to":[1,35,50,61,118],"the":[2,51,58,64,133,143],"advances":[3],"in":[4,80,109,114,137],"image":[5],"processing":[6],"technology":[7],"and":[8,43,77,86,111],"large-scale":[9],"datasets,":[10],"companies":[11],"have":[12,32],"implemented":[13],"facial":[14],"authentication":[15],"processes,":[16],"thereby":[17],"stimulating":[18],"increased":[19],"focus":[20],"on":[21,46],"face":[22,37,47,81],"anti-spoofing":[23],"(FAS)":[24],"against":[25,68],"realistic":[26],"presentation":[27],"attacks.":[28],"Recently,":[29],"various":[30,102],"attempts":[31],"been":[33],"made":[34],"improve":[36],"recognition":[38],"performance":[39,100,116],"using":[40,84,120],"both":[41],"global":[42,75],"local":[44,78],"learning":[45],"images;":[48],"however,":[49],"best":[52],"of":[53,66,139],"our":[54],"knowledge,":[55],"this":[56],"is":[57,71],"first":[59],"study":[60,90],"investigate":[62],"whether":[63],"robustness":[65],"FAS":[67,115],"domain":[69,104,149],"shifts":[70],"improved":[72],"by":[73],"considering":[74],"information":[76],"cues":[79],"images":[82],"captured":[83],"self-attention":[85],"convolutional":[87,93,123],"layers.":[88],"This":[89],"proposes":[91],"a":[92,122],"vision":[94,127],"transformer-based":[95],"framework":[96],"that":[97],"achieves":[98],"robust":[99],"for":[101,148],"unseen":[103],"data.":[105],"Our":[106],"model":[107],"resulted":[108],"7.3%p":[110],"12.9%p":[112],"increases":[113],"compared":[117],"models":[119,147],"only":[121],"neural":[124],"network":[125],"or":[126],"transformer,":[128],"respectively.":[129],"It":[130],"also":[131],"shows":[132],"highest":[134],"average":[135],"rank":[136],"sub-protocols":[138],"cross-dataset":[140],"setting":[141],"over":[142],"other":[144],"nine":[145],"benchmark":[146],"generalization.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
